气成作用

Ir expounds the biothermocatalytic transitional zone gas is a special gas formation stage in continuous evolutionary sequence of organic matter, whose exogenic force is temperture and catalysis of clay minerals, at the same time, having decarbxylation, deamination and so on.

论述了过渡带气不受生油成熟门限的限制，它是有机质连续演化序列中的一个特殊成气阶段，其主要的外生营力是温度和粘土矿物催化作用，同时，还有脱羧、脱氨、脱基团作用和芳环的缩聚作用等多途径多方式成烃模式。

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

It is shown that in the basins in the Eastern China, onshore and offshore, the formation of CO2 reservoir is crust-sourced and crust-mantal-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local activity of hot fluid into the mud diapir area in multi-phase and multi-zones in physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO2 in the Qiongdongnan Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin is mainly controlled by magmatism and major faults which cut through the basements and link to the mantle gas.

研究表明，中国东部陆相断陷盆地与东海陆架盆地及南海北部陆架琼东南盆地东部和珠江口盆地的CO2气藏及高含CO2油气藏中CO2均属典型的火山幔源型成因，主要受控于幔源型火山活动脱气与沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，其运聚富集规律及控制因素与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2气源主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所脱出的大量原始CO2；南海北部陆架西区莺歌海盆地CO2气藏及中国东部陆相断陷盆地部分高含CO2油气藏中CO2，则属于壳源型及壳幔混合型成因，CO2形成及运聚成藏，主要受控于火山侵入活动对碳酸盐岩的烘烤和泥底辟热流体晚期分层分块多期的局部上侵活动与沉积巨厚的海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，其运聚分布规律具多期和分层分区的特点。

Phenol derived from two stage water gas gasification is produced in upward, and in downward, after tar, suspension and sediment removed, phenol, which has been filtrated, pressurized and atomized, is sprayed into regenerative chamber where phenol and high temperature lattice bricks exchange heat each other and phenol get into superheated vapor, then phenol come into gasifier with making up steam and in fire layer phenol is decomposed into H 2O and CO 2 which will go on reacting with blazing carbon and fo...

两段炉水煤气气化工艺在上吹制气阶段产生含酚冷却水，下吹制气阶段，将脱除焦油、悬浮物、沉淀物并进一步过滤后的酚水加压、雾化、喷入燃烧蓄热室内与高温格子砖进行热交换，使之汽化并过热，然后与补充过热下吹蒸汽一起进入气化炉火层，酚在高温作用下分解成H2O和CO2，并进一步与炽热的炭发生反应，形成H2和CO。

Hydrocyanic acid and water proceed via a five-centred transition states then transformed by its exterior hydrogen-bond; The results show that the activation energy of the isomerizing reaction in the aqueous phase is lower than that in the gas phase. It is likely that the hydrogen bonds formed in the complexes and the solvent effect play an important role.

计算结果表明，在水相中异构化过程的活化能比在气相中低，无论在气相还是在水相中异氢氰酸通过水氢键转化成氢氰酸容易些，而氢氰酸由水氢键转化成异氢氰酸相对要困难些，分子间氢键和溶剂化效应在异构化反应过程中起到重要的作用。

These features include:(1) the clear boundary being enriched with residue organic substance and the obvious fluidization feature shown by the relative accumulation of silty grains under the petrographic microscope;(2) the accompanied wrinkle structure and the palimpsest ripples which indicate the development of microbial mats on the sedimentary surface.

因此，这种粉砂岩岩墙应该解释为沉积面在曾经被微生物席封闭的情况下，相对富含有机质的细粒沉积物在早期成岩作用过程中所发生的脱气作用和脱水作用的产物，最终可以归为由微生物形成的沉积构造的一种类型。

Taking the eastern sag of the Liaohe basin where coal, oil and gas resources coexist and the Wangying borefield of the Fuxin basin where coalbed gas was first discovered, researched and developed in China as examples, we systematically discuss the control of volcanism on the lateral and vertical distribution of brown coal, flame coal and gas coal in the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation and on the gas source conditions of each coal region. Both the methane released in the process of regional plutonic metamorphism and the additional methane generated by contact metamorphism are calculated. The physical properties and storage capacity of the coal beds changed greatly due to the formation of blackcoal and highlymetamorphosed crevice coal from igneous intrusion. The sealing capacity of intrusions with various occurrences such as dikes is highlighted.

以煤、油、气共生的辽河盆地东部凹陷和我国首次在矿井中发现、研究、开发煤层气藏的阜新盆地王营井田为例，系统地阐述了火山活动在古近系沙河街组三段对褐煤、长焰煤和气煤在平面及垂向分布的控制，进而导致各赋煤区气源条件的不同；估算了王营井田在区域深成变质过程释放甲烷气的基础上，接触变质作用所形成的附加甲烷量；指出由于岩浆侵入形成了天然焦和高变质裂隙煤，使煤层物理性质及储集能力发生了大的变化；强调了岩墙等不同产状的岩浆侵入岩体对煤层气的封闭作用。

Taking the eastern sag of the Liaohe basin where coal, oil and gas resources coexist and the Wangying borefield of the Fuxin basin where coalbed gas was first discovered, researched and developed in China as examples, we systematically discuss the control of volcanism on the lateral and vertical distribution of brown coal, flame coal and gas coal in the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation and on the gas source conditions of each coal region. Both the methane released in the process of regional plutonic metamorphism and the additional methane generated by contact metamorphism are calculated. The physical properties and storage capacity of the coal beds changed greatly, due to the formation of blackcoal and highly-metamorphosed crevice coal from igneous intrusion. The sealing capacity of intrusions with various occurrences such as dikes is highlighted.

以煤、油、气共生的辽河盆地东部凹陷和我国首次在矿井中发现、研究、开发煤层气藏的阜新盆地王营井田为例，系统地阐述了火山活动在古近系沙河街组三段对褐煤、长焰煤和气煤在平面及垂向分布的控制，进而导致各赋煤区气源条件的不同；估算了王营井田在区域深成变质过程释放甲烷气的基础上，接触变质作用所形成的附加甲烷量；指出由于岩浆侵入形成了天然焦和高变质裂隙煤，使煤层物理性质及储集能力发生了大的变化；强调了岩墙等不同产状的岩浆侵入岩体对煤层气的封闭作用。

Comprehensive analyses of hydrocarbon pooling elements such as thermal evolution of source rocks, the time of pooling and the history of fracturing show that evaporate fractionation was induced by the Himalayan decompression through fractures and the invasion of large volume of allochthonous dry gas.

结合该区烃源岩热演化、油气成藏时间、断裂活动史等成藏要素的四维耦合性剖析，结论认为：喜山期断裂泄压作用以及大量他源干气的侵入诱发了该区蒸发分馏作用的产生。

Crustal original and crustal\|mantle original type are located at the Yinggehai basin of the northwest margin and controlled by the diapirs up-invasion and thick marine calcic sand shales. Volcano-mantle original type is most located at the Qiongdongnan basin of the northeast margin and the Pear River Delta. Furthermore, the accumulation and migration of CO2 and oil gas of these types of CO2 are controlled by the exhaustion of mantle magma and the transportation of discordogenic faults.

壳源型和壳幔混合型CO2富集于西北边缘莺歌海走滑伸展型盆地，受控于海相含钙砂泥岩与泥底辟热流体上侵活动的物理化学综合作用；火山幔源型CO2则主要展布于东北边缘琼东南及珠江口断陷裂谷盆地，其火山幔源岩浆脱排气活动与深大断裂导气输送作用的配置，控制了这种类型CO2的运聚乃至富集成藏过程。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。