气层

D gas field is a structural-lithological reservoir. The main gas formation is marine shoreface sandstone dam and shoreface beach sand. The reservoir has serious anisotropy. This mainly shows the coombe on the surface and the thin interlayer in reservoir.

D气田为构造－岩性油气藏，主力气层为海相临滨砂坝和临滨滩砂，储集层非均质性严重，主要表现为平面上的冲沟和储层内部厚度较薄的隔夹层。

Volcanic gas reservoirs of low permeability in the carboniferous of a basin are characterized by deep burial depth, complex genesis, many types, wide distribution and non-evident expressions in three-porosity log curves, as well as the variedvalues of density and compression wave of main four volcanic gas reservoirs (such as the basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite). So a number of effective methods based on three porosity log data cannot work in identifying the volcanic gas reservoirs of the carboniferous of the basin.

石炭系火山岩的低渗透气藏具有的埋藏深、成因复杂、类型多、分布广、三孔隙度曲线响应特征不明显等特点，并且主要的四种火山岩气藏：玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩的密度和纵波时差测井值差别较大，因此使基于三孔隙度测井资料的一系列识别气层的有效方法在该盆地石炭系火山岩气层的识别中无明显效果。

But the problem is this thin layer of atmosphere is being thickened by all of the global warming pollution

现在的问题是由于导致变暖的污染物的囤积，这个原本很薄的气层越来越厚，这样下来此气层被不断增厚，更多的红外辐射被捕获了，这样全球大气升温而这就使全球变暖。

The preprocessing and standardization of logging data;②lithologic interpretation and calculation of the parameters of petro-physical property;③the recognition of fracture and vug and calculation of whose parameters;④the research on the judge of the gas pay based on the logging data;⑤the determination of the abnormal pore pressure;⑥optimized programming to finish processing and interpreting the data of thirty wells in the northeast of Sichuan based on the Forward log interpretation platform.

本文以气层识别和异常压力计算为研究主线，综合利用川东北地区录井、钻井、取心和测试等资料，采用多种新方法新技术，重点开展了六个方面的研究工作：①测井资料的预处理及标准化研究；②岩性解释及物性参数计算；③缝洞识别及其参数计算；④基于录井、测井资料的气层判释研究；⑤异常地层孔隙压力确定；⑥基于Forward测井解释平台，优化编程，完成川东北地区30多口井测井数据处理与解释工作。

The production test indicated that there are 24 gas layers in the well, so that the deltaic deposit zones to the cast and northeast of the well are favorable for oil and gas exploration in the future.

该区地层具有砂、泥互层的特点，具备了较好的储集层和局部盖层，试油结果表明有24个气层，该井的东部及东北部的三角洲区域是今后勘探的有利区域。

By formulating the apparent porosity cross calibration model of these two logs, and adopting the same matrix logging pa rameters as those of the practical complex lithology, the study constructs new log curves, utilizes and amplifies the different responses of neutron and density logs, eliminates multiple solutions caused by inaccurate calibration lithology, makes the overlayed curves take the same units, greatly improves the gas-i dentification resolution of this combination, intensifies the visual effect of gas indication.

从而能够放大中子、密度测井对地层中天然气的不同响应，消除刻度岩性不准确产生的多解性，统一重叠曲线的量纲，大大提高这两种测井组合识别气层的分辨率，增强气层指示的直观性。

After extracted acousticwave properties, used the ratio of P-S velocity ,vacuity modules ratio, Poisson ratio and amplitude ratiometer to identify the property of fluid of BD1531 well,DF11S3 well and WZ1171 well. Obtained the quantity of these parameter in different fluid in the three wells.

综合利用纵横波速度比、岩石空间模量、泊松比以及幅度差比对莺琼盆地BD1531、DF11S3以及WZ1171井储层流体性质进行识别，得到了这几个参数在气层、水层和干层处的取值范围。

The shallow layered gas geneted by organic decomposition in silty clayed strata and reserved in sandy strata layered near silty clayed strata.

浅层气源于mQ42淤泥质粘性土生气层中有机质的分解作用，储存于该地层上覆、下伏及中部所夹的粉细砂、贝壳砂等储气层中。

During the fracturing for low pressure and low permeability gas reservoirs, there are some main problems in conventional hydroxypropylguar - organic boron cross-linking system: Firstly, the water-lock damage to low pressure and low permeability gas formations by filter liquor; Secondly, the reason for alkali-sensitive damage in alkali-sensitive reservoirs is that conventional hydroxypropylguar - organic boron cross-linking fracturing fluids were cross-linked under alkaline environment, while the permeability of reservoirs is reduced greatly; Thirdly, the formation pressure is low, and the energy of flow back is not enough, at present, the main measure in oil fields is "injecting with liquid nitrogen", but this technique increased the cost of fracturing, making great troubles in operating, and leaving the liquid nitrogen also is a big problem.

在低压低渗透气藏的压裂改造过程中，常规羟丙基胍胶-有机硼交联压裂液体系存在的主要问题，一是压裂液滤液对低压低渗透气层造成的水锁损害；二是常规羟丙基胍胶-有机硼压裂液是在碱性条件下交联的，对碱敏性储层造成碱敏损害，降低储层渗流能力；三是地层压力低，压裂液返排能量不足，当前各油田采取的措施主要是&液氮伴注&技术，但是&液氮伴注&技术增加了压裂的费用，而且液氮存放也存在较大问题。

Based on these parameters,cross plot technique and mathematical statistics analysis are used to establish norms and methods for effectively and visually identifying shallow gas zone.

并在此基础上，应用交会技术和数理统计方法建立了有效地快速直观显示浅气层的标准和方法，为应用老井资料识别浅气层提供了科学依据。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。