气孔的

On the basis of two criteria of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis suggested by Farquhar and Sharkey,the re-dominant limiting factor of photosynthesis is stomatal conductance of stomatal limitation in the forenoon,but the midday depression of photosynthesis at noon and the decrease of photosynthesis in the afternoon are the results of low carboxylation efficiency of the mesophyll leaf.

根据Farquhar和Sharkey的观点，造成净光合速率下降的原因既有气孔限制又有非气孔限制因素，上午净光合速率下降的主要是由气孔限制因素造成的，午间和下午光合速率的降低则主要归因于叶肉细胞羧化效率的降低。

It was observed that the NPT lines had lower stomatal frequency and higher stomatal resistance than the indica varieties.

在盆栽条件下比较了 4种国际水稻研究所水稻新株型和 4种籼稻的气孔频率、气孔阻力和光合速率。

Our results suggest that the oxhide pastern is the best way to observe stomatal movement of A.corniculatum compared with the puddle method and the nail poish pastern.

结果表明：搅碎法、指甲油印迹法、牛皮胶印迹法三种观察气孔方法中，牛皮胶印迹法是观察气孔开度变化的最佳方法。

The model expanded the existing models simulating stomatal responses to environmental water status by incorporating the knowledge about the mechanisms of the action of radiation and temperature, and the interaction between them In this model, moreover, a representation of stomatal conductance as a function of stomatal geometry is used, where the water potential gradient within the leaf has been taken into account.

在不同环境因子的组合下模拟得到的结果与公认的实验观测基本一致。它可以作为研究气孔整体行为的理论框架，也可用于检验气孔运动的基本假设。第四章对Ball和Berry提出的气孔经验模型进行了分析和模拟检验。

The results show:the above two species of Flos lonicerae's palisade parenchyma are composed of 1 layer of cylindrical cells.But in karst areas variety palisade parenchyma is cylindrical cells .Palisade and spongy tissue have distinctly differentiation.,are both bifacial leaf.

研究结果表明：以上2种金银花栅栏组织的层数均为一层，有栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化，均为异面叶；但岩溶地区的栅栏细胞为圆柱形，非岩溶地区的栅栏细胞为长柱形；岩溶地区品种的上下表皮细胞明显比非岩溶地区的品种大，并且其栅栏组织和海绵组织的排列较非岩溶地区品种紧密；气孔都仅分布在下表皮，气孔类型为肾形，岩溶地区气孔密度大。

Plasma membrane infolding occurred after pretreatment and low temperature stress, one new structure looked like vacuole was recognized between plasma membrane and cytoderm, the emergence of that phenomena maybe concern with plasma membrane infolding and vacuole.

在胁迫过程对照植株光合速率的下降是由非气孔因素引起；锻炼植株光合速率的下降在胁迫的前两天是由气孔因素引起，在胁迫的第三和第四天是由非气孔因素引起。这也从另一个角度证明了低温锻炼提高了植物的抗寒性。

Results showed diural variations of leaf Pn displayed bipeaked curve model, indicating the depression of photosynthesis at noon. Leaf Pn rate in June was higher than in September; Compared to leaf Pn, Cs had a similar changing curve, Cs in June was higher than in September. While diural variations of intercellular CO2 concentration were opposite to that of leaf Pn and Cs, decreased before 1200,increased after 1200, decreased again at 1600,after 1600 increased again; diural variations of climatic factors displayed single peaked curve model, peakedvalue occurred at 1400,and their influences on physiological factors were indirected and integrated.

结果表明，光合速率的日变化具有双峰型，存在光合午休现象，6月的光合速率高于9月；沙棘的气孔导度较低，其日变化与光合速率有相似的变化趋势，6月的气孔导度大于9月；细胞间CO2浓度的日变化与光合速率和气孔导度的日变化相反，1200之前下降，之后上升，1600下降，然后上升；气象因子的日变化具有单峰型，峰值1400出现，对生理因子的影响是间接且综合的。

The results showed that there were differences between adaption and regulation of different wheat varieties by prophyl dihydro jasmonate, so as to show diversity of gas exchange parameters, such as photosynthesis, water usage, etc. There was no evident difference between the reaction of two spring wheats (Jinchun1 and 1608) and the winter wheat (Xiaoyan 22) to PDJ. Different parameters of different wheat varieties had inequable reaction to different concentration of PDJ. Photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and stomatal limiting value were enhanced when PDJ concentration reached a high degree. At the same time, leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased. Therefore, wheat could maintain normal physiological activities while environmental conditions were changed.

结果发现，面对类似激素双氢茉莉酸丙酯调控下的不同品种小麦适应与调节存在差异，从而导致光合和水分利用等气体交换参数的表现也存在差异；两种春小麦（金春1号、l608）和一种冬小麦（小偃22）之间对PDJ的反应没有明显的冬春性间的差别；对不同品种、不同参数，PDJ起到作用的浓度不同，但无论如何PDJ都有相同的作用，当这种激素达到一定的浓度后，就会增强小麦的光合速率和水分利用率，增加气孔限制值，降低叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度，从而在外界条件变化时保持体内水分、延缓气孔关闭，维持体内正常的生理活动。

Besides, the effects of light and temperature on stomata have not been modelled in any mechanistic model.

在第一章中，通过综述气孔对环境因子响应的数学模型的文献，发现目前对描述和模拟气孔行为的经验模型和机理模型是脱节的，可供选择的气孔模型还不能满足理论分析和实际应用的需要；经验模型没有机理的支持，不能用于理论分析，没有普适性；机理模型都过于复杂，而且其中的一些参数难以确定，所以它们还只能作定性模拟，不能作定量预测，另外，对于光强和温度的影响还未见有人模拟。

Considerable progress has recently been made in studies of the specialized structure and function of guard cells and the mechanisms of stomatal movement.

保卫细胞的特殊结构和气孔功能密切相关，对保卫细胞壁特性、质膜上的各种结合蛋白、质膜和液泡膜上的离子通道的研究，以及对细胞骨架和气孔运动的关系的探索为阐明气孔运动的机理提供了更多的依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。