气孔

Result There were some differences among the four species in the morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stomata, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three.

结果］4种植物在花粉粒形态、大小、表面突起，萌发孔和叶表面气孔大小方面存在一定的差异，其中二倍体长穗偃麦草与其他3种植物的花粉粒和气孔的微观特征差异明显。

In order to understand the effect of UV-B radiation on systematic water metabolism in plants, this review outlined domestic and international achievements in the last 30 years relating to the physiology and biochemistry of plants under UV-B radiation, such as root activity, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and changes in leaf proline and soluble sugar content at different plant developmental stages. The effect of UV-B radiation on stomatal behavior and related mechanisms including a variety of signal molecule (ABA, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, etc.) content and the role of signal molecules in stomatal activity were also reviewed.

为系统了解UV-B辐射对植物水分代谢的影响，本文从生理、生化两个角度概述了近30年国内外相关方面的研究成果，内容涉及UV-B辐射对植物根系活力、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及植物不同发育期叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量的影响；总结了UV-B辐射对植物气孔行为的影响及相关机理，包括植物体内ABA、H2O2、NO等信号分子含量的变化以及这些信号分子在调节气孔行为方面发挥的作用。

The results show that α-Al2O3 in the two kind s of coatings decreases while the γ-Al2O3 increases after spraying. Rutile-TiO2 transforms to brookite-TiO2 and the inners tress of coating was increased so as to aggravate the expansion of cracking. The pores are small but dense in the conventional coating while bigger but loose in the nano-structured coating. The pores in the nano-structured coating exist almost inside the partially melted region. The pores generated during spraying and the cracks generated during the course of thermal oxidization because of thermal stress are the direct reasons why coatings fail.

结果表明：2种粉末在喷涂之后，涂层中的α-A12O3均有所减少，生成了γ-Al2O3，金红石TiO2相转变成了板钛矿型TiO2相，增加了涂层的内应力，加剧了裂纹的扩展；常规微米涂层中的孔洞细小但密集，纳米涂层中的孔洞较大但不密集，且大部分的气孔都存在于部分熔化区的内部；涂层在喷涂过程中所生成的气孔以及热氧化过程中由于热应力而产生的裂纹是造成涂层失效的直接原因。

The two species are similar in stomatal character and in the absence of accessory transfusion tissue, but they are very different in stomatal distribution, pinna venation pattern and pinna marginal shape, presence or absence of mucilage canal, differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma, characteristics of girder parenchyma and epidermal anticlinal wall.

两个属在气孔器特征与不具副传输组织方面极为相似，而在气孔的分布、羽片脉序式样与叶缘形态、粘液道的有无、海绵组织与栅栏组织的分化、工字厚壁组织与表皮细胞垂周壁特征方面则有较大的差异。

The guard cells were covered with heavy cuticle and sunken stomata, which were the typical characteristics of xerophytes.

麻黄属植物气孔的类型及特征比较固定和保守，气孔的大小、形状仅在种内有变异，种间差异较小，分种的价值不大，但在植物分类上具有重要的鉴定价值。

In many xerophytes and in some conifers of cooler climates, where soil water may be difficult to obtain in winter, the guard cells-and hence the stoma-are sunk in pits in the epidermis, often protected by hairs form passing air currents. TRANSPIRATION rates are thus greatly reduced, while allowing gaseous exchange for photosynthesis.

一些旱生植物和寒冷气候带的针叶树在冬季很难从土壤中得到水分，因此它们的保卫细胞和气孔在表皮上下陷成为气孔窝，常被表皮毛保护，可以在满足光合作用所需的气体交换的同时防止通过的气流带走大量水分，大大降低了植物呼吸率。

The results showed that the plant had the character of damp-inhabiting, the cutical on the epidermis of stem and leaf is rather thin but without wax-layer, its stomata protrude clearly on the lower surface of leaf, the rate of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma is rather low and the cortex is well developed in root.

结果表明蓝靛果具有明显的湿生特征：茎、叶表皮的角质层薄，无蜡被；叶片上表皮细胞甚大，无气孔，下表皮细胞小，气孔明显突起；叶脉导管直径小，壁薄；叶肉栅栏组织/海绵组织小；根的皮层发达，富细胞间隙。

In contrast, phalloidin inhibits both light, K〓 or FC-induced stomatal opening and dark or ABA-induced stomatal closing.

相反，微丝稳定剂鬼笔环肽既抑制了光、K〓和FC诱导的气孔开放，也抑制了暗和ABA诱导的气孔关闭。

The fluoride absorption was positively related to respiratory rate of leaf andthe content of free water in leaf tissue,but negatively related to the thickness of lowersurface and osmotic potential with zero expansion pressure of leaf.

9树木对大气氟污染的抗性强弱与树种的气孔总传导度大小负相关，对大气二氧化硫污染的抗性与气孔总传导度和叶组织pH值负相关，树木对大气氟化物的吸收能力与呼吸速率和自由水含量正相关，与膨压为零时渗透势和下表皮厚度负相关。

The stomata type of yew leaf is haplocheilic. For different species of yew tree, the surface view of epidermal cells and the form of stomata are also a little different.

表皮细胞表面观为方形或长方形，气孔类型单唇型，不同种类红豆杉的表皮细胞表面观和气孔形状也有所不同。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！