气化的

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

In the electromagnetic field that countercurrent inductor produces, the metal droplet that melts gets the role suspension of electromagnetism force in quartz pipe center and had been heated up continuously. When metal droplet of melting have been heated up certain temperature surface beginning gasification, metal vapor tension will raise follow temperature go up, is heated continuously can have plenty of metal atoms overflow metal ball liquid surface, at the same time, as the inert gas of cooling medium, all along with certain current velocity, sideswipe the metal droplet surface that melts. Metal atoms fly out liquid surface according to certain way form the atom cluster by the condensing of inert air current, merger and the collision between crystal nucleus pellet and atom cluster form the smoke flame of nanoparticle pellet eventually.

在逆流感应器产生的电磁场中熔化的金属液滴受电磁力的作用悬浮于石英管中央并继续被加热，当金属熔球被加热到一定温度时表面开始气化，金属蒸气压随温度的升高而升高，继续受热会有大量的金属原子飞出熔球液面，与此同时，作为冷却介质的惰性气体始终以一定的流速掠过熔化的金属液滴表面，原子飞出液面受冷后就按照一定的方式凝聚成原子簇，在惰性气流中形核并随之长大，颗粒、原子簇间的碰撞与合并，最终形成金属纳米颗粒的烟焰。

The melting point of the pure periclase magnesia is 2,800℃, some impurities may reduce the melting point of the magnesia , borides influence is extremely remarkable.

纯净的方镁石型氧化镁的熔点为2800℃，一些杂质可使氧化镁的熔点降低，其中硼化物的影响极为显著，即使是少量的硼化物(0.01%-0.02%)的存在就将导致氧化镁的抗蠕变性能明显降低，而B2O3在高温时的气化能够造成氧化镁材料的气孔率增大，严重影响其高温强度，故镁砂降硼是非常重要的。

Mathematical Modeling of the Pneumatic Conveying of Semicoke in the Pilot Plant of Coal Topping;2. The semicoke from four different coal types was prepared under different temperatures.

针对目前提倡的煤部分气化燃烧系统集成优化联合生产煤气和热能的新概念，在不同温度下制得四种煤的半焦，通过热天平燃烧试验研究了半焦的燃烧特性，考察了煤种和制备温度对半焦燃烧特性的影响。

In the early 1920s, Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch patented a process to produce a mixture of alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons known as synthol, from a synthesis gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

乙醛，和碳氢化合物组成的。F-T工艺是间接煤液化的基础。因为通过蒸馏和氧气的气化作用，煤结构被完全分解成合成气，所以此工艺是间接的。然后这些气体通过适当的F-T催化剂的作用，大部分形成蜡油状的碳氢化合物，分子亮分布较宽。wjk678 发布在翻译例文|发布时间： 12：20PM Apr 23， 2008 |评论

The experimental results show that the distributions of content and toxicity equivalent quantity of PAHs in raw coal are similar to coal gasification but this compositions and contents are different. The rise of coal rank leads to the decrease of the content and TEQ of PAHs in raw coal and the increase of TEQ during coal gasification, while the content of PAHs emission from coal gasification increases first and then decreases with the increase of coal rank. The total PAHs contents generated in coal gasification of some sorts of coals are higher than in raw coal. The types of PAHs formed in coal gasification include undecomposed PAHs in raw coal, pyrosysthensis PAHs, and radical polymerization PAHs at high temperature.

试验结果表明：煤气化前后多环芳烃质量分数和毒性当量质量分数的分布特徵相似，但多环芳烃的组成和质量分数不同；煤化程度增加，原煤多环芳烃质量分数和毒性当量质量分数减小，煤气化多环芳烃质量分数先增后减，毒性当量质量分数与煤化程度呈线性关系；部分煤种气化多环芳烃的质量分数高於原煤多环芳烃质量分数，且煤气化多环芳烃的种类分为原煤未分解的多环芳烃、热解合成的多环芳烃、自由基高温缩合生成的多环芳烃。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The authors combed some important parlances about it; and on the basis of the former achievements, the authors put forward some ideas from the perspective of gasification philosophy, the philosophical basis of strength of character.

通过对关于风骨的一些重要的说法进行梳理，在吸收前人理论成果的基础上，从风骨产生的哲学根基———气化哲学的角度，提出了一些自己的看法。

Based on the analysis on the causes of frequent leak of liquid sulphur trioxide pump, some improvement was taken for its mechanical sealing construction.

分析液体三氧化硫泵屡遭泄漏的原因并对泵的机械密封进行改进，同时根据液体三氧化硫易气化和固化从而不利于泵密封的特性，加强工艺管理，特别是在开停车和泵的切换操作过程中，通过适当的伴热、空气吹扫和蒸汽加热，保证三氧化硫始终处于液态，使泵具有良好的机械密封性能。

He of whom the wonderful myth relates that as a child he was dismembered by Titans now experiences in his own person the pains of individuation, and in this condition is worshipped as Zagreus.

据一个神秘的神话说，酒神儿时曾被铁旦神族肢解而死，就在这情况下被崇奉为狄奥尼索斯·宰割裂尸；那就是说，这样的解体，亦即酒神所受的苦难，是如同气化、水化、土化、火化那样的，所以我们必须把个性化情况看作一切痛苦的根源和主因，它本身就是一种不愉快的经验。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。