气凝胶

The XRD patterns indicate that anatase TiO 2 transforms to rutile at elevated temperature,and pseudobrookite is formed at 700℃.

本文采用溶胶凝胶法合成了掺铁TiO2 复合光催化剂，以正庚烷作为气相有机污染

A basic knowledge of microbiology, will be detected with a microscope observation of micro-organisms, medium Preparation, disinfection and sterilization, separation and purification of micro-organisms, bacteria counting method A chemical analysis of the theoretical knowledge and can use chemical analysis methods and equipment of the components of material analysis Master fermentation process principles, understanding of beer, liquor, fermentation production technology Master protein related knowledge, PAGE gel electrophoresis technology, high-speed centrifugal Genetic engineering master the basic theory of knowledge, the extraction and purification of genes, PCR principle, gene recombination technology Master of the basic theoretical knowledge, the immobilized enzyme, the enzyme preparation Application Master of animal and plant tissue culture techniques of experimental steps studied experimental apparatus: Balance (scales, electronic scales, Analytical Balance), or acidity, spectrophotometer, liquid gas chromatography, acid-base titration apparatus, microscopes, centrifuges, ultrasonic cleaning, constant temperature oscillation incubator, super-clean table, steam sterilization pot, the pot constant temperature water bath, PAGE device apparatus, oven, fermenter, such as PCR instrument.

具备微生物理论基础知识，会用显微镜检测观察微生物，培养基的制备、消毒与灭菌，分离与纯化微生物，细菌的计数法具备分析化学的理论知识，能运用化学分析和仪器分析方法对物质的组分进行分析掌握发酵工艺原理，了解啤酒、白酒、发酵生产工艺掌握蛋白质相关知识，PAGE凝胶电泳技术，高速离心掌握基因工程的基本理论知识，基因的提取和纯化，PCR技术原理，基因重组技术掌握酶的基本理论知识，酶的固定化方法，酶制剂的应用掌握动植物组织培养技术的实验步骤学过的实验仪器：天平（台天平，电子天平，分析天平）、酸度计、分光光度计、液气相色谱仪，酸碱滴定仪器，显微镜，离心机，超声波清洗器、恒温振荡培养箱、超净工作台，蒸气灭菌锅、恒温水浴锅，PAGE电泳装置仪器、干燥箱、发酵罐、PCR扩增仪等。

Our lab has many types of equipment, such as full-size ultracentrifuge, benchtop refrigerated ultracentrifuge, gel documentation system, ice machine, MILLIPORE, PCR thermocycler, autoclave, ultra freezer, UV/visible spectrophotometer, UV transilluminator, ultrasonic cleaner, culture shaker, stir plate, low-speed and full size centrifuge, automatic Kjeldahl distillation, gas chromatograph, HPLC system, fluorescence microscope, fatex, gliding microtome.

仪器设备包括生物育种用的高速冷冻离心机、台式冷冻离心机、凝胶成像分析系统、制冰机、超纯水制备系统、PCR仪、高压灭菌器、超低温冰箱、紫外可见分光光度计、紫外观测仪、超声波清洗、恒温摇床、磁力搅拌器、低速大容量离心机、全自动凯氏定氮仪、气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪、荧光显微镜、脂肪测定仪，冷冻切片机等40余件。

SO〓〓/M〓O〓 solid superacid was applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for the first time. Porous SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane was used as model reaction. The influence of impregnation with H〓SO〓 solution on the structure of catalysts and their photocatalytic performance was systematically studied by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N〓 sorption analysis applying BET method, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, O〓-TPD and photocatalytic activity measurement. The acidity of TiO〓-based catalysts was investigated by Hammett indicator method, NH〓-TPD and IR spectra of pyridine adsorbtion. The mechanism of superacidifing effects on photocatalytic performances such as the photocatalytic degradation rate of bromomethane, apparent kinetic constant and apparent quantum efficiency was discussed.The results indicated that SO〓〓 is combined with metal ions of TiO〓 in a chelating bidentate mode.

本文首次将SO〓〓/MxOy型固体超强酸催化剂用于光催化氧化有机污染物研究，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有多孔性和大比表面结构的二氧化钛基固体超强酸光催化剂SO〓〓/TiO〓，以光催化降解溴代甲烷为模型反应，系统地研究了H〓SO〓浸渍处理对催化剂表面酸性及其气相光催化性能的影响，结合XRD、BET、XPS、FTIR、Hammett指示剂法、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH〓-TPD、O〓-TPD、紫外可见漫反射光谱等多种表征手段，深入地讨论了超强酸化对TiO〓的改性机理，阐明了引起SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂光催化降解溴代甲烷的转化率、表观反应速率常数和表观量子效率变化的本质原因。

Five synthesis methods of AlN powder were discussed, namely direct nitrogenation of Al powder, carbothermal reduction of Al2O3, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel method, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and plasma chemical synthesis. The choice of AlN sintering additives and five sintering technologies were analysed, namely hot pressing sintering, pressureless sintering, spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering and self-propagating sintering. The preparation processes of AlN substrate and its influencing factors were expounded.

介绍AlN陶瓷的典型性能和导热机理；讨论AlN粉末的5种合成方法：铝粉直接氮化法、Al2O3碳热还原法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法、自蔓延高温合成法和等离子化学合成法；分析AlN烧结助剂的选择和5种烧结工艺：热压烧结、无压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结及自蔓延烧结；阐述AlN基板的制备工艺及其影响因素。

This method can control the process of jelling and obtain the SnO2 powder gas sensitive with uniform distribution and pretty dispersibility. These materials are featured by excellent repeatability and consistency, low-cost.

探索了双氧水和半透膜结合的新的无机盐溶胶-凝胶工艺方法制备纳米SnO_2气敏材料，该工艺方法可以控制胶凝过程，得到化学成分分布均匀，分散性好的SnO_2基气敏粉体材料，具有重复性强，一致性好、成本低廉的特点。

Two novel well-defined star-graft copolymers with poly as main chain are successfully prepared by combination of anionic and atom transfer radical polymerization. Anionic copolymerized 2,5-epoxypropyl-1-ethoxyethyl ether with EO by initiation of mixture of diphenylmethylpotassium and polyol [1,1,1-trispropane or pentaerythritol] to give the well-defined three-arm star poly and four-arm star poly.

用核磁共振(~1H NMR)、红外光谱、元素分析、气相色谱—质谱、凝胶渗透色谱和基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)等手段对中间产物及最终产物进行了详细地表征，证明了这种合成聚醚为主链的接枝共聚物的方法是可行的，并且是成功的。2。

A titania sol-gel film was formed by vapor deposition method to coimmobilize 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) and horseradish peroxidase on a glassy carbon electrode surface for the construction of an amperometric inosine monophosphate biosensor (5′-NT-HRP/GCE).

利用气相沉积方法在玻碳电极表面得到二氧化钛凝胶膜，并在电极表面同时固定5′-核苷酸酶(5′-NT)和辣根过氧化物酶，构建了一种新型快速测定肌苷酸含量的安培传感电极(5′-NT-HRP/GCE)。

The mechanism of the second kind of FRs, FRs , can be described as"Accelerating the Elimination of HCl and Crosslinking by Ion Model". FRs can obviously promote the elimination of HCl, decrease the on-set temperature of decomposition of PVC, it can promote the crosslinking during decomposition, reduce the total output of aromatic compounds, increase the gel of condensed phase and char residue, the char residue is loosened.

第二类阻燃抑烟剂对PVC的阻燃抑烟机理可用&快速脱氯化氢离子交联模型&描述，其主要特点为：阻燃抑烟剂在热分解过程中，转化成为MCl〓，它一方面促进PVC释放HCl，另一方面，促使体系产生分子间交联，使裂解气相产物中芳烃化合物含量减少，凝聚相凝胶含量变大，残炭量提高，残炭物结构呈松散状态。

FRs can strongly suppress the elimination of HCl, raise the on-set temperature of decomposition of PVC, promote the crosslinking during decomposition, reduce the total output of aromatic compounds, increase the gel of condensed phase and char residue, the char residue is loosened. The configuration of FRs has no changed.

这类阻燃抑烟剂能抑制PVC热分解脱HCl反应，提高HCl释放的起始温度，在热分解过程中促进分子间形成交联键，使裂解气相产物中芳烃化合物含量减少，凝聚相凝胶含量增大，残炭量提高，残炭物结构呈松散状态，阻燃抑烟剂在热分解过程中化学结构保持不变。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。