气候

But because the guidance thought that climate is the synthesization of weather is wrong, the short-term climate prediction is not so successful yet in the past 100 years.

在"气候是天气的综合"这一错误思想的指导下，每一次短期天气预报的成功都引出了短期气候预测的热潮，相应地出现了大型天气学、超长波控制论和短期气候的数值模式预测方法。

The analysis of TOC andδ13Corg benefits from Well Chao-73, indicating that they response well enough to the Cretaceous paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. During the sedimentary period of Quantou formation to Qingshankou formation in Songliao basin, the water tends to rise and becomes anoxic, and the deoxidized water leads to the organic matter massively preserved. The paleoclimate changes from torridity and aridity to warmth and humidity, with the temperature evidently descengded, then ascended in a litter range. The result is basically consistent with paleoclimate by the palynological analysis.

朝73井TOC、δ13Corg有机地球化学指标的分析结果表明，TOC、δ13Corg的变化对该沉积时期的古环境、古气候也有很好的响应，该沉积期湖水位不断上升，湖生生物逐渐发展并繁盛起来，水体含氧量减少，湖底有机质的保存环境逐渐变为强还原环境，大量有机质被埋藏并保存，而古气候在泉头组/青山口组界线上下由炎热干旱变得温暖湿润，气温有明显下降，但随后又有小幅的上升，与孢粉分析的古气候变化特征基本一致。

Alpine treeline is an important ecotone, which is sensitive to climate change. So treeline ecology is of significant to study on global change. This study is a case study in Gonggashan Mountain, Southwestern China.

本研究以贡嘎山树线为例，以响应气候变化的可能敏感指标：树线位置动态、生长型的变化和树木更新节律为突破口研究树线对气候变化的响应，并与川西地区气候变化重建资料和巴郎山树线动态进行了对比。

Climate change will intimidate the endangered species and the species that has accustomed to cold weather, such as, panda, Yunnan snub - nosed monkey, white-lipped deer, Taiwania flousiana Gaussen, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Tibet's antelope.

未来气候变化将对濒危物种的栖息地及气候适应范围狭窄的高山物种，已适应青藏高原高寒气候的物种和迁移能力弱的物种，如大熊猫，滇金丝猴，白唇鹿，秃杉，沙冬青和藏羚羊等造成威胁。

It is distributed only in Yuanbaoshan mountain in northern Guangxi. Abies yuanbaoshanensis having survived the Quaternary Period Ice-age is significant not only to studying the occurrence and evolution of the Chinese ancient south plant flora but also to the ancient climate and geography.

元宝山冷杉是第四纪冰期幸存下来的濒危物种，在广西的发现，对于研究我国南方古代植物区系的发生和演变，以及古气候、古地理有重要意义，特别是对第四纪冰期气候的探讨有学术价值，它是研究气候变化和植物变迁的依据，是活化石。

The changing climate first affects the structure of alpine timberline at an autecological level, and further affects the movement of the timberline as a whole.

气候变化首先从个体的水平影响林线的内部结构，然后才影响到作为整体的林线的推移，因此研究乔木个体生理活动与气候条件之间的关系，对于研究高山林线对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。

The results in these three regions have been given that (1) Ephedra, as dry and desert vegetation, the average percents are 7.7 in Yang Lake, 4.2 in Kunlun Rive, 7.5 in Doucuo Lake, and the datum in Yang Lake is higher than others;(2) Gramineae, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 1.2 in Yang Lake, 4.9 in Kunlun Rive, 12.0 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east;(3) Artemisia, as humid vegetation, the average percents are 22.2 in Yang Lake, 43.6 in Kunlun Rive, 48.8 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, too;(4) Chenopodiaceae, as dry vegetation, the average percents are 52.1 in Yang Lake, 42.4 in Kunlun Rive, 11.5 in Kuhai Lake, however, decreasing gradually from west to east;(5) Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ,the average data, as environmental changing index, are 0.45 in Yang Lake, 1.23 in Kuniun Rive, 5.59 in Kuhai Lake, increasing gradually from west to east, and there is higher data scope during 3.0~4.3 ka BP in these two lake sediment profiles, then decreasing;(6) Ephedra/Artemisia, data are all increased but the amplitude is different, such as 0.45 in Yang Lake, 0.34 in Kunlun Rive, 0.28 in Kuhai Lake, decreasing gradually from west to east.

代表气候湿润的禾本科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：1.2%、4.9%、12.0%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。③代表气候湿润的蒿属花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：22.2%，43.6%，48.8%，从西向东数值逐渐升高。④代表气候干旱的草科花粉平均百分含量，三个地区分别为：52.1%，42.4%，11.5%，从西向东数值逐渐降低。⑤依据蒿属、藜科花粉百分含量，计算出环境变化指标，蒿属／藜科值，三个地区的平均值分别为：0.45，1.23，5.59，从西向东比值逐渐升高，⑥麻黄属／蒿属值，在全新世晚期，三个地区都呈上升趋势，但幅度存在差异，分别为：0.45，0.34，0.28，从西向东数值逐渐降低。

The influences of shortterm climatic and topographical variations to the mass balance were more heavy in this year than in other years. In the high accumulation zone, the influence of the shortterm climatical variation is greater than that of topographical one, while in the low value zone, the latter is greater than the former.

此外，年内短期气候和地形变化对物质平衡的影响均大于多年平均状态，在高值物质平衡区，气候变化对物质平衡的影响大于地形变化的影响；而在低值物质平衡区，地形变化对物质平衡的影响则大于气候变化对物质平衡的影响。

Those four classification models work well in first class of Chinese Vegetaion Division. The KAPPA value of Holdridge Life Zone System,at high value of 0.57,would probably more effective than the others. But in specific area,like tibetan plateau,all of those models need to be refined or consider more elements and factors. This research also points out that the concept and technology of Digitall Earth would promote and push forward the climate-vegetation relationship research,especially in climate-vegetation factors,climatically parameters and modeling parameters,real time dynamic monitoring,effectively managing the magnitude data of climate-vegetation relationship information and supporting the mainframe of Functional Types Modeling Library.

这四个传统的分类方法在中国植被区划一级分类上是适用的，Holdridge生命地带系统KAPPA一致性指数达到0.57模拟效果优于其它三者，但在特定地区，如青藏高原，所有模型均需改进优化或启用新的模型因子才能很好地区分植被亚地带，本研究还指出，数字地球技术的应用有助于推动气候—植被关系的研究，尤其在气候—植被指标的大范围实的动态监测、气候—植被关系数据的海量信息高效、有序基础管理和功能模型库支撑框架体系方面。

At last. on the basis of comprehensive studies of the glacial, lake, periglacial phenomena .palaeosols and paleontology in the research areas. the late stadial of the Last Glaciation can be divided into three periods: the early phase, 25000-20000a. B. P.. with the cold and wet climatic conditions; the middle phase, the full of last glacial maximum. 20000-16000a. B. P., with the cold and dry climatic conditions; and the late phase, 16000 10000a. B.P., with the warm and dry climatic conditions besides the Younger Dryas event.

最后，根据对研究区的冰川、湖泊、冰缘现象、古土壤和古生物等在末次盛冰期中的发育、演化状况的综合分析，把末次盛冰期大致划分为三个阶段：早期，25000-20000a.B.P。，气候条件主要表现为冷湿；中期，20000-16000a.B.P。，气候条件主要表现为冷干；晚期16000-10000a.B.P，气候条件主要表现为温干，但Younger Dryas事件也有反映。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。