气候

The study has shown:(1) With increasing sediment depth and the woody giblets, the total organic carbon, the extraction of benzene , the total humic acids and the unhydrolyte are enhanced, while the hydrolyte is decreasing.(2) According to the GC-MS analysis, n-alkane,n-alkan-2-ones and n-alkanones are composed mainly of long-chains,such a result is thought to be characteristic of a herbaceous input from 2300a.B.P. n-alkanones exist in the samples may be considered as the evidence of microorganisms activity.(3) It is showed that the lipids is more sensitive to the climate change than the floristic. The proxy of the pollen spore of the peat stratum is different from the normal environment proxy. It is one of the main reasons that the sensitivity difference of the bog vegetation reacting to the climate isn't accordant with the log of the fat molecule fossil and biology fossil.(4) The transformation of the peat organic carbon is under the influence of temperature,acidity,organic material constituting, etc, and it showed the up-trend with the depth. In the short-term scale, the conversion of the peat organic carbon is effected by seasonal water,regional climate and vegetations; while in the long-term scale, it is controlled mainly by the climate.(5) According to the comparing the orderliness of organic compound,vegetation giblets with the depth to the characteristics of the peat molecule fossil with the section, in the development of this peatmire, 1500a B.P（210cm）is regard as the borderline of the late Holocene, the keynote of the front period is warm with several cold fluctuations, and the trend of the back period is dry and cold although there were several fluctuations.

研究表明：（1）随深度的增高及植物残体中木本残体的增多，总有机碳、苯萃取物、总腐植酸、不被水解物含量逐渐增高，而易水解物含量减少；（2）GC- MS分析显示，正构烷烃，直链烷基2-酮和正烷醇均以长链组分为主，揭示了该泥炭柱剖面2347a.B.P的母源输入以草本植物为主；甲基酮类和短链正烷醇的存在是微生物活性很大的生物证据；（3）通过有机分子标志物与孢粉、植物残体等指标的对比研究表明：脂类化合物对气候变化的反映要比植物种灵敏得多，不同沼泽植物对气候变化的敏感性的差异是脂类分子化石记录与生物大化石结果很难一致的主要原因之一；（4）泥炭有机碳的转化受到温度、酸度、有机物质组成等很多因素的影响，短时间尺度，泥炭有机碳的转化受季节性降水、地方气候和植被等因素的影响；长时间尺度，泥炭地有机碳的转化，受气候条件控制；（5）总结泥炭分子化石特征、泥炭有机质各组分含量及植物残体组成随深度的变异规律，分析结果显示该泥炭地层形成过程中，1500a B.P（210cm）可作为划分前后晚全新世的界线，前期的基调是气候偏暖，但又有几次偏干冷气候的反复，后期气候以干冷为主，其间虽有几次上升波动，但整体趋势不变。

First, on the base of Koppen Classification, the dissertation classifies the world climate into 13 types and analyzes the vernacular architecture and its climatic strategies corresponding to each type, especially how the buildings adapt to the local climate, make use of the native materials and adopt appropriate techniques under the condition of poor economy, low technology and limited resources and labor.

一、论文以柯本气候分类法为依据，将全球气候分成热带雨林气候等13种气候型，并针对每种气候型来分析与之对应的乡土建筑及气候策略，特别是对于经济、技术相对落后，人力、资源都很匮乏的条件下，建筑是如何适应当地气候、使用本土材料、采用适宜技术等方面进行了较为系统的总结。

Climate n.①气候;②风气,社会思潮 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.

逃离人口过度稠密区的做法改变了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。

Meanwhile, the paper also quantitatively studied the response mode of the soil moisture, crop, trees and grass under climate change conditions with the statistical and numerical models.

本研究选择黄淮海流域、新疆、小兴安岭和内蒙古锡林浩特分别作为农田、森林、草原典型生态研究区，利用较长时间序列的气候资料、遥感数据及其他辅助资料，运用趋势、相关、EOF、突变检验、小波分析及数值模拟等多种方法，在分析研究不同生态研究区气候变化区域特征的基础上，较为系统全面地开展了我国北方典型生态区气候变化对农田生态、森林生态和草原生态典型和敏感生态环境指标的影响研究，包括气候变化对农田土壤水分、农作物发育期和产量的影响；气候变化木本植物和鸟类物候的影响；气候变化对植被NDVI、林木生产力和森林生态环境质量的影响；气候变化对草原土壤水分和牧草产量的影响，同时，通过统计模型和数值模型定量研究了气候变化背景下的土壤水分、作物、林木和牧草响应模式。

In this paper, the status quo of climate resources and their utilization in China has been reviewed, with the major problems being pointed out. The development aims of rational exploitation have been discussed as follows:(1) Taking general and key regional censuses of climate resources, and ...

综合评述了我国主要气候资源的分布及利用现状，指出了其中存在的主要问题，并探讨了气候资源合理开发利用的发展目标：开展全国和重点区域气候资源普查、评估气候资源的承载能力，在此基础上根据社会发展和需求进行气候资源综合区划工作；建立我国气候资源监测评估体系，研究气候资源未来演化趋势及其对环境、生态和社会经济系统的影响；推广气候资源的开发利用技术，特别是对太阳能和风能等气候能源的利用。

From 6860 to 3170 cal.yr BP,semi-desert steppeexpanded,regional montane forest steppe retreated,suggesting a prolonged warm and dryclimate.Between 3170 and 2340 cal.yr BP,regional forest steppe expanded whereassemi-desert steppe retreated,indicating the climate became cool and wet gradually and thehumidity reached the maximum at the end of this stage.During 2340～1600 cal.yr BP,Poaceae steppe dominated whereas wetland meadow expanded and the montane forest stepperetreated,suggesting a cool and wet climate prevailed,wormwood grass steppe prevailed andthe climatic instability increased after 1600 cal.a BEThe climate and environmental reconstructions by pollen were supported by the diatomrecords.A relative high lake level and moister climate prevailed between 8660 and 7230 cal.yr BP as inferred by the dominance of planktonic diatom genera and high planktonic/benthicratio (〉40).low lake level and dry climate sustained during 7230～2330 cal.yr BP assuggested by the low abundance of planktonic diatom and low planktonic/benthic ratio ～20and the lake returned to high level during 2330～930 cal.yr BP as inferred by there-dominance of the planktonic diatom and the high value of palnktonic/benthic ratio.The pollen-based climate reconstruction was also consolidated by the grain size andPediastrum concentration records.

Ugii Nuur湖周围现代孢粉研究表明：松属为空气传播的外来花粉，其含量变化可能指示了远山森林草原发育状况；禾本科具显著低代表性，母体植物建群时含量通常在10％以下：藜科花粉含量可以指示区域气候干旱程度。2、以现代孢粉研究为基础、可靠AMS~(14)C年代为框架，Ugii Nuur孢粉记录高分辨率地重建了蒙古国中部地区过去8660 cal.yr BP以来的植被和气候变化。8660～7800 cal.yr BP研究区植被为禾草草原，湖畔及河谷低地发育苔草草甸，远山发育松属针叶林和森林草原，气候温和略湿润；其中8350～8250 cal.yr BP湿生草甸扩张，旱生植物成分减少，气候凉湿。7800～6860 cal.yr BP旱生成分增加，气候转向暖干。6860～3170 cal.yrBP半荒漠草原扩张，远山森林草原退缩，山地草原和河谷及湖畔湿生草甸退缩，气候持续暖干。3170～2340 cal.yr BP半荒漠草原退缩，远山森林草原扩张，气候转凉变湿，末期湿度条件达最佳。2340～1600 cal.yr BP禾草草原发育，湖畔及河谷低地湿生草甸扩张，远山森林草原略有退缩，气候总体较凉湿。1600 cal.yr BP以来研究区发育禾草-冷蒿草原，气候波动较大。

After complete regional analogue, it is discovered that the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in Tontso is entirely comparative and consistent with the synchronous lakewater retreating of Zhaduixiong spits in Zabuye Lake basin, with palaeoclimate changes recorded by pollen in adjacent Zhabuye Lake, with Holocene palaeoclimate environment indicated by drilling-hole in Bangong Co, with palaeoclimate significance traced by δ〓O value in Qinghai Lake and Siling Co, with pollen- and diatom-inferred climatic change in Longmu Co and Sumxi Co, and with the palaeoclimate framework during the 5〓 Level Arid Extension Period of Quaternary arid center of Western China.

对比研究发现，洞错的古气候环境，与同期相邻的扎布耶湖湖水退缩遗迹和花粉记录的古气候变化、班戈湖钻孔所揭示的全新世古气候环境、色林错δ〓O值所揭示的气候意义、龙木—松西错的孢粉和硅藻提供的古气候古环境信息以及第四纪西部干旱中心在第5级干旱扩张期中的古气候格局，它们的气候环境变化总体上均有可对比性和一致性。

In this paper, RIEMS(Regional Environment Integrated Modeling System)designed by TEA-RC(START Regional Center for Temperate East Asia)was used to run a 10-year simulation in East Asia to analyze and assess the statistical behavior of RIEMS by the means of analyzing mean climate, extreme events and inter-annual variability. NCEP reanalysis data are used as driving fields.

中文题名区域气候模式对东亚气候及其年际变率的模拟和分析副题名外文题名论文作者熊喆导师符淙斌研究员学科专业气候学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院大气物理研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数72页关键词气候变化东亚气候区域气候模式年际变化区域环境系统集成模式馆藏号BSLW /2003 /P46 /9 本文用NCEP再分析资料作为驱动场来驱动中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域研究中心的区域环境系统集成模式，对于东亚地区进行连续十年积分，分析和考察RIEMS模式对东亚地区模拟能力的统计行为，其中包括平均气候状态、年际变率和极端气候等。

Climate 气候 I would like to live in a place with a warm climate.

我想要住在气候温暖的地方。

Based on the results simulated by PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), which is developed in the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, changes of surface air temperature and precipitation under SRES B2 scenario in South China during 2071~2100 are analyzed. It is shown that, compared to baseline (1961~1990), surface air temperature in 2071~2100 would increase by 2~4℃, precipitation in summer would increase in the north part to 22°N, while the precipitation in winter would decrease in the whole areas of South China. The climate trend of the surface air temperature would be positive, however the climate trend of the precipitation would be negative, the occurrence frequency of extremely high temperature events and extremely heavy precipitation events would increase.

利用英国Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，模拟分析基于政府间气候变化专门委员会 2000年发布的《排放情景特别报告》中设计的B2情景下华南区域2071~2100年的温度和降水量的可能变化，结果显示：2071~2100年均地面温度相对于气候基准时段（1961~1990年）上升约2~4℃；华南区域未来夏季降水量在22°N以北区域较气候基准时段增加，而以南区域减少；冬季降水则表现为华南区域较气候基准时段减少。2071~2100年华南区域的温度气候趋势系数为正值，年均降水气候趋势系数为负值。2071~2100年的高温事件和强降水事件的发生频率均比气候基准时段明显增加。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。