民间的

Hua Tuo is in folk all one's life practise medicine, diagnosing, remedial respect has an a feather in one's cap.

华佗一生在民间行医，在诊断、治疗方面都有卓越的成就。

The Conclusion gives the evaluation and expectation about the relationship between the "Academism" Northeast YangGe and the folk dancing culture.

结语部分对"学院派"东北秧歌与民间舞蹈文化的关系做出了一些评价和展望。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

Based on the research done by previous scholars, the article dwellsupon the following aspects, with the main thread of the development ofXuantian Heaven Emperor belief: probe into the origin of XuantianHeaven Emperor belief and points out Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief isa product of celestial body worship, animal worship and water worship;discuss the relationship between the Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief andpolitics in the Ming Dynasty and points out the flourishing of XuantianHeaven Emperor belief in the Ming Dynasty results from the promotion bytheir rulers, esp, Emperor Ming Cheng Zhu; probe into the relationshipbetween Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief and civil secret society andtouch upon the influnce of Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief in civil secretsociety; discuss the relation between Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief andliterature and formatire arts, as well as elaborate the mutual influencebetween Xuantian Heaven Emperor belief and formatire arts.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，以玄天上帝信仰的历史发展为主线，主要探讨了以下几个方面的内容：玄天上帝信仰的由来，指出玄天上帝信仰是天体崇拜、动物崇拜和水崇拜的产物；明代玄天上帝信仰与政治的关系，认为明代玄天上帝信仰之所以兴盛的原因在于明代统治者，特别是明成祖对玄天上帝的推崇；玄天上帝信仰与民间秘密社会的关系，初步探讨了玄天上帝信仰在民间秘密社会中的影响力；玄天上帝信仰与文学、造型艺术的关系，从文学与造型艺术两个方面，阐明玄天上帝信仰与文学、造型艺术之间存在着互动影响的关系。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

The GaDaMeiLin poem》, written by the female composer Xinhuguang of Our country ,with the melody of Mongolia folk song《GaDaMeiLin》for fodder, with the folk hero——GaDaMeiLin's stories for clues, take the west and chinese compose technique as means, displaying heareres the past stories on Mongolia race in steppe, make single voice of the folk song return to folks again afreshing by several forms of department, and drive more public accept, this matter is worthy of concerning and thinking.

我国女作曲家辛沪光先生的作品——《嘎达梅林交响诗》，以蒙古族民歌《嘎达梅林》的曲调为素材，以草原英雄——嘎达梅林的故事为线索，以中西方的作曲技术为手段，给听者充分展示了一曲草原上的蒙古族往事，使单声部的民间歌曲以多声部的形式重新又回到民间，并被更多的大众接受，这件事本身就值得关注和思考。

Spoken Poetry article from the network of morphological characteristics, the causes of oral sex, and oral performance, the ultimate meaning and limitations of folk poetry and network position, low-poem "waist" to explain the two major aspects of the language require the trivialization of poetry Poetry and its network is now moving toward the development of a civil position of stability and low-poem "waist" of the boom.

文章从网络诗歌口语性形态特征、口语性的成因、及其口语化的表现、最终的意义与局限和网络诗歌的民间立场、低诗&下半身&走向两个大方面阐释出诗歌语言的庸常化及其现在网络诗歌的一种发展走向，民间立场的稳定和低诗&下半身&的热潮。

He made great achievements in collecting, editing and adapting Scottish folk songs and ballads, which also served as his nourishment, Among his best pieces are The Tree of Liberty (in praise of the French Revolution), Scots Wha Hae (calling upon his countrymen to fight against the English oppression), and the beautiful lyrics such as My Heart's in the Highland, A Red, Red Rose, etc.

彭斯在收集、整理和改编苏格兰民间歌谣方面取得很大的成就，这些民间歌谣也滋养了他的诗歌包l作。他最有名的诗篇有歌颂法国革命的《自由树》，号召他的同胞为反抗英国的压迫而斗争的《苏格兰人》，以及美丽的抒情诗《我的心呀在高原》《一朵红红的玫瑰》等。

Folk garment is an important category of handicraft, that is the wearings and ornaments voluntarily designed, made, enjoyed, used and preserved by civilians.

民间服饰作为&手工艺&的一个重要门类，指的是民间自发设计、制作、欣赏、使用与保留的衣着用品，理所当然属于世界非物质文化遗产的范畴，这在中国民族服饰研究会的年会上也得到了一致共识，认为这种传统的手工技能与相应的传世标本应当受到&各个方面的确认、立档、研究、保存、宣传、弘扬、承传和振兴。&

Chapter Ⅴ is the Ⅱvaluation of native resources and the modern meanings of conventional law. The core idea of each chapter is as follows:The first chapter evaluates individualism jurisprudence methodology first of all, though which rereads the connotation of conventional law. It thanks conventional law is been being nationally by the folk social groups and teams after long producing and living, which embodies the willing and benefit of the folk social groups and teams and appoints for its resolving system of rights、duty and conflict, including the general action standard that recognized material and spiritual strength ensures its implement. The standard's extention includes producing conventional law, living conventional law, commercial conventional law, ethnic conventional law, religious conventional law, and etc..

各章主要内容概述如下：第一章先对个人主义法学方法论进行评介，尔后从此方法论视角重新解读了习惯法的涵义，认为习惯法是由一定的民间社会群体或组织在长期的生产、生活中自然形成的，体现民间社会群体或组织成员的意志和利益，约定其权利、义务和冲突解决机制，并由其成员认可的物质或精神力量保障实施的普遍性行为规范的总称，其外延包括生产习惯法、生活习惯法、商业习惯法、民族习惯法、宗教习惯法等。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。