民间

But together you epitomize and recognize the immense and vital role that a vibrant private sector has in promoting economic opportunity, and in improving the standards and quality of life for all within each of our communities and nations.

但是你们有共同的体现和认识，说明民间部门的繁茂昌盛对于增进经济机会，改善我们各自社区和国家内全体人民的生活标准和生活质量发挥了不可估量的重要作用。

Many stories have been handed down among the Chinese people about a judge known for his fearless espousal of justice.

中国民间流传着许多有关包公的传说，称他为"包青天"、"青天大老爷"，称赞他执法严明，铁面无私，为老百姓做主。

The fellow villager organizations were important folk strength, and played the extremely essential role in social extension, such as innon-native population's management, aid to the weak potential crowd, taking strong measures agairst crimes and keeping the urban security, mediation of civil disputes as well as participation in municipal administration.

同乡组织作为清末民初上海社会重要的民间力量，无论在外来人口的管理、弱势人群的社会救助、打击犯罪维护城市治安、调解民事纠纷以及参与市政管理等社会整合的多个方面都在很大程度上承担并填补了官方缺位而留下的空白，在区城社会的转型和整合中发挥了极为关键的作用。

We collected the information of about 30 years, based on the viewpoints and methods of ethnobotany; and reported the geographical distribution, species, medical value, folk medical use and the study on the

笔者查阅了近30年有关的文献资料，应用民族植物学观点和方法，介绍了矮杨梅的地理分布、种类、医疗价值、民间药用和资源保护研究的现状。

The author discuss the closely relationship of ethnobotany and plant resources exploitation based on the utilization of medicinal plant and indigenous knowledge system, and hope that ethnobotany exert strongly roles in Chinese Western Exploitation.

本文通过民族植物学在药用植物资源开发、民族民间传统知识系统的应用等方面，探讨民族植物学与植物资源开发的关系，期待这一学科在西部大开发中发挥更大的作用。

This paper presents a summary, analysis, appraisal and discussions on the respects of: folk nomenclature and classification of plants, ethnobatanical knowledge and traditional use and management of grassland wild plants, medical ethnobotany, ethnoecology and sustainable use of grassland ecosystem, indigenous culture and plants, and ethnobotanic use value of plants.

本文从民间植物命名与分类、民族植物学知识与草原野生植物的传统利用与管理、药用民族植物学、民族生态学知识与草原生态系统可持续利用、地域文化与植物以及植物应用价值的定量民族植物学等方面分别进行了总结、分析、评价和讨论。

The states of Yunnan central parts and Guizhou western regions.In order to offer basic data of ethnobotany and tap M.nana Chavel in the west of China; we collected information of about 30 years, based on the viewpoints and methods of ethnobotany; and reported as follows: 1 The geographical distribution of the wild plants of M.nana Cheavl; 2 Concerning journalson the criticism and applications related to M.nana Cheavl; 3 Investigation of community culture, custom and non-governmental medicine related to M.nana Cheavl; 4 Modern research situations related to M.nana Cheavl.

为西部地区民族植物学研究及矮杨梅开发利用提供基础资料；笔者查阅了近来30年有关的文献资料，应用民族植物学观点和方法，对以下四个方面问题进行了报道：1野生植物矮杨梅的地理分布；2有关书著对矮杨梅应用的记载及考证；3矮杨梅与社区发展、民俗风情和民间药用调查；4矮杨梅的现代研究概况。

For a long time, in our country, people fasten on physical cultural heritage, and didn't pay attention to ICH, folklorist and ethnologist had done some work on it, but for kinds of reasons, the information was badly destroyed.

长期以来，我国文化遗产工作者一直注重对有形的物质文化遗产进行收集、整理和研究，对无形的非物质文化遗产关注较少，虽有过民俗学、民族学的一些工作，但由于种种原因，相关资料保存至今较少，从非物质文化遗产保护的角度进行探讨更是新近才开始的，这些工作比国际先行国家落后很多，如在保护制度上，我国2005年才开始"民族民间文化传承人"调查和认证，这比日本的"国家文化财"制度落后了50多年，比联合国教科文组织"活的文化财"保护计划也晚了10多年；在制度和法规的建设，日本、韩国、法国等国家早己建立了保护制度，通过了相关法律，而我国在这方面基本还是空白。

The object of this article is to show that the experience of the ethnomusicological field works are included in background of change in modern Chinese history and to know the relation of construction of the Chinese ethnomusicology to the development of modern China as we as the relation of the same to the folk society.

本论文力图将这段民族音乐学实地考察的历史，置于中国近现代历史变革的背景中，进而认识中国民族新音乐的建设与现代民族国家进程的关系，以及其与民间社会的关系。

The document refers to this euphemistically as "commanders employing offensive, defensive and stability or civil support operations simultaneously".

该文件提到这一点委婉的"指挥员运用进攻，防守和稳定或民间支援行动的同时"。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷