民间

The early writings of Jia Pingwa, which created along the road of realistic and have evident trace of imitation, are considered to be conventional and realistic. Afterward, as the writer penetrated with folk, and with the change of times and the format of language, the author dug out the mysterious connotation in Taoist, Fucianism, Buddhism and even civilian culture more far. And create a series of writings with deep mystery. After this, Jia create a series of saga novel again such as "The Ruined Capital" on the basic of combination of mysticism and realism. But in his near writings, such as saga novel "QinQiang Opera", the character of realism was aggravated while the character of mysticism was faded.

贾平凹沿着前辈作家的现实主义创作道路前进，前期的作品具有明显的模仿痕迹，属于传统现实主义作品；后来更加深入民间，随着时代的变迁和话语形式的改变，挖掘出道家、佛家、儒家以至更为久远的民间文化的神秘内蕴，创作出一批具有浓烈神秘色彩的作品；其后，把神秘主义与现实主义相糅合，创作出《废都》等一批长篇小说；而到了近作——长篇小说《秦腔》，又淡出神秘主义，现实主义的色彩得到了加重。

Save folk culture in two ways, an artist involved in, intake of the down-curing folk culture; the other is the "activation", so that resources to achieve self-culture heritage.

拯救民间文化有两种方式，一块是艺术家介入、摄取，把民间文化固化下来；另一种是"活化"，让资源地人实现民族文化的自我传承。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

The calamities were so serious that people were in great need of social relief because of being destitute and homeless. To accommodate wartime relief, the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated with civil charity institution, built up a feasible and efficient social relief system. That is, the social relief work was responsible by the standing and concurrent organization and the temporary specific organization of the Guangdong provincial government, cooperated by official organizations and civil charity groups financed by government allocation, social donation and self-raised funds and so on. Many kinds of facilities were put up for social relief.

适应战时救济工作的需要，广东省政府与民间慈善机构相互配合，形成了一套现实可行又较有效率的社会救济体系，即社会救济工作由广东省政府的常设兼管机构和临时性专职管理机构负责，由政府派出的官方组织和民间慈善救济团体共同参与，通过政府拨款、社会各界捐款和自筹资金等多渠道筹措资金，设置多种救济设施来进行社会救济上作。

Army Corps of Engineers as military or civilian management engineers; or in semiautonomous regional or city authorities or similar organizations. They may also manage private engineering firms ranging in size from a few employees to hundreds.

这些工程师们服务于政府-市政府，县政府，州政府，联邦政府；他们还可以服务于美国军事部门的工程师军团，联邦政府；他们还可以服务于美国军事部门的工程师军团，或服务于民间当民用工程的管理工程师；服务于民间当民用工程的管理工程师；或服务于半自治区或城市当局；或服务于类似的组织；市当局；或服务于类似的组织；他们也可能管理规模从几个到数百个雇员的私营工程公司。

Folk diplomacy holds very important status in the diplomatic strategy, and in the1950s, Premier Zhou ever said, China diplomacy is the union of the official, semiofficial and the folk.

民间外交在我国的总体外交中占有很重要的地位。早在上个世纪50年代，周恩来总理就曾说过，中国的外交是官方、半官方和民间的三者结合。

The paper is based on field work, the author classified the folk temple into 3 types: 1, the simple temples spontaneously built by root class: peasants, 2, the great temple which have symbolic meanings, 3, the temple as part of tour buildings which have some official backgrounds. In the following section, the author analysised the causes of the classification in theory, thereof, he discussed the function and value of folk religion.

本文在实地调查的基础上分析了民间寺庙的三种类型－一是较为自发和简易的"三间房"类型；二是带有象徵意味的较为雄壮气派的类型；三是带有旅游参观性质的具有一定官方背景的类型；并分析各种类型寺庙的建立原因，分别给予理论上的解释，由此进一步讨论了民间宗教的功能及其价值。

With its almost 100 children in age from 6 to 16 years, the group presents culture and habits from various regions of Slovakia.

该团现有团员约100名，都是年龄为6到16岁的儿童，主要以展示斯洛伐克地区的民间文化和民间习俗为主。

Interrogates elaborated "An Daiwu" origin and "An Daiwu" and local region culture relations by and its development and evolution; Then talks about "An Daiwu" to now the stagecraft influence; Finally elaborated me to the nationality folk dance culture development manner, lets our country the nationality folk traditional culture be able to develop

本问论述了《安代舞》的起源和《安代舞》与当地地域文化的关系以及其发展及演变；然后谈到《安代舞》对当今舞台艺术的影响；最后论述了我对民族民间舞蹈文化发展的态度，让我国的民族民间传统文化得以发展。

Bakhtin s carnivalization tries hard to turn around the angle of view on literature from the superstratum official to the folks.

巴赫金的狂欢化理论力图把人们对文学的观照从上层的官方视角转向底层的民间视角，重视其民间诙谐文化的重要传统，拓展了诗学研究的新领域。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。