民营

We give the empirical and concretion analysis on the methodology of human resource management and development.

本文通过对青岛经济企业的考察，介绍了青岛民营企业对青岛经济发展的重要性以及民营经济所存在的一系列问题，分析了造成这个问题背后的一些个重要原因，展示了人力资源管理和开发对民营企业的重要性，指出了青岛市民营企业进行人力资源管理和开发的具体对策。

Through seeking for a scientific and effectual evaluation theory and method on operating achievement for non-stated listed companies, it will urge them to know clearly about their real management status, to lead their enterprises to put scientific management into practice and to level up their operation. Thus non-stated listed companies can be in an indefectible position in the drastic market competition, what's more they can lead all non state-owned enterprises to grow in strength endlessly.

通过探索建立科学有效的民营上市公司的经营业绩评价理论和方法，将促使民营上市公司认清企业的真实经营状况，引导企业进行科学管理，促进民营上市公司的管理水平提高到一个新的层次，这样才有可能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，进一步带动所有的民营企业不断发展壮大。

With the development of Chinese market economy,private enterprises has become the new force in the economy development,and the interior audit becomes necessary with the development of private enterprises.But for the limitation of the private enterprises and the problems of policy,stipulations,and legal environment,there exists problem in interior audit.

随着我国市场经济的发展，民营企业已成为经济发展的生力军，民营企业内部审计随着企业发展的需要而产生和发展，但由于民营企业自身的局限性以及所面临的制度、政策和法律环境等问题，民营企业内部审计存在着一定的问题。

Concerning the main difficulties the PEDEs encounter,the paper firstly establishes a competitiveness index system of Chinese PEDEs,and then makes an empirical study of several PEDEs from three dimensions of the index system: service level,timing level and price level,finally,suggestions are put forward to help the PEDEs foster their competitiveness.

文章在考虑快递产业基本特征的前提下，重点从民营快递企业目前面临的主要问题着手，建立了中国民营快递企业的竞争力指标体系，并在此基础上从服务水平、时效水平、价格水平三个方面实证分析了若干民营快递企业的竞争力，最后对民营快递企业如何培育竞争力提出了若干建议。

This paper consists of three main parts: Part one is the core concepts of strategic finance management introduced from the duple structure of balance sheet.

通过分析中国民营企业的概念和发展，民营企业财务管理的现状，结合战略财务管理的理论，对民营企业，特别是成长型民营企业战略财务管理的特点进行了论述。

This thesis firstly analyzed related theories on independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises; secondly described the status quo and developing trend of independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises in China; thirdly determined objectives and characteristics of independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, put forward three ways for independent innovation of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, they are direct way of wholly independent innovation, outflanking ways based on cooperation innovation and imitation innovation; fourthly made "structure-function" analysis for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises, clarify system operation mechanism; finally this thesis used the theory and method of System Dynamics modeling for independent innovation system of Private Scientific and Technological Enterprises.

论文首先对民营科技企业自主创新系统相关理论进行研究；接着描述了我国民营科技企业自主创新现状与发展趋势；然后确定了民营科技企业自主创新系统的目标、特点，将民营科技企业自主创新的实现途径分为完全自主创新的直接途径和基于合作创新和模仿创新的迂回途径；并对民营科技企业自主创新系统行&结构-功能&分析，阐明民营科技企业自主创新系统的运行机理；最后应用系统动力学的理论和方法对民营科技企业自主创新系统进行建模。

The 1st chapter give a summarize about the core competence and the 2nd chapter give an analyzing about the actuality and characteristic of the core competence The 3rd and 4th and 5th chapters, on the basis of analyzing the status quo of Chinese private enterprise, from the three aspects of "management structure, bestirring and inhibiting rules, stratagem and management", this thesis discuss in the problems of these three aspects and bring forward some measures and ways to solve these problems ,and to design and build the initial frame for private enterprise to raise its core competence.

第一章对民营企业的核心竞争力进行了概述，第二章对民营企业的核心竞争力的现状和特点进行了分析，第三、四、章则从企业治理结构、激励约束机制、企业I伐略和管理等三个方面探讨了民营企业核心竞争力再造的问题，并提出了解决这些问题的措施和方法，为民营企业提升核心竞争力构建了一个初步框架。

There are at least two reasons to say, the first reason, there is not enough and consummate policies to protect private enterprise"s benefit and private enterprise can"t get the same political treating as government enterprises. The another one, the system of most private enterprise is non-consummate, such as not consummate at the field of management structure, bestirring and inhibiting rules, stratagem and management, and result in the poor core competence. For examples, some leaders of private enterprise are arbitrary and dont believe in other people to manage work; only trust his connection and private friends to be in charge of management; some decision made according to feeling only, not according to scientific judgment; in defect of bestirring and inhibiting rules...so on.

究其原因，一方面是因为目前中国保护民营企业的制度机制还不完善，民营企业还无法取得和国营企业相同的政治待遇，另一方面是由于多数民营企业自身制度缺损，表现在企业治理结构、激励约束机制、战略管理等方面极不完善，从而造成的核心竞争力普遍低下，如：民营企业家决策中独断专行，对他人不能放心放权；民营企业经营管理中太相信亲戚和朋友；部分决策听任感觉，缺乏科学论断；缺少激励约束机制等。

The following is the research frame of this dissertation:Chapter one: Introduce background, research significance, research object, research contents and methods of this dissertation; review the history of clusters theoretical research in detail; dissertate main research dynamic status of domestic and international;Chapter two: Through explain theoretical foundation of cluster research, it defines and demarcates clusters, introduces the concept of private enterprises" cluster on this basis, and summarizes current situation of Quanzhou private enterprises" cluster;Chapter three: Propose the concept of cluster competitiveness, collect and analysis those factors which influence cluster competitiveness, and set up an appraisal system of private enterprises" cluster competitiveness;Chapter four: Define developing stages of private enterprises" cluster with clusters" dominance competitiveness, analysis characteristic and law of private enterprises" cluster in different life cycle, give out strategic countermeasures separately which promote cluster competitiveness in different stage;Chapter five: On the basis chapter three and chapter four, propose what we can use cluster strategic planning to promote Quanzhou cluster competitiveness; and recommend thought of cluster strategic planning;Chapter six: Introduce the case of Quanzhou sports shoes cluster, use competitiveness appraise system and life cycle theory for empirical analysis, and put forward detailed countermeasure that can promote cluster competitiveness;Conclusion: Summarize the research of full dissertation, and point out some weaknesses of this dissertation.

本文的研究框架如下：第一章：介绍本文选题的背景、研究意义、研究对象、内容与方法，并详细论述集群理论研究的历史回顾及当前国内外主要研究动态；第二章：通过阐述产业集群研究的理论基础，定义及界定产业集群，在此基础上引入民营企业产业集群的概念，并归纳总结了泉州市民营企业产业集群的现状；第三章：提出产业集群竞争力的概念，对影响集群竞争力的因素进行分析，初步建立一套民营企业产业集群竞争力的评价体系；第四章：应用集群显性竞争力来界定民营企业产业集群发展的生命周期阶段，并分析民营企业产业集群在各个不同生命周期阶段呈现的特征及规律，分别给出在不同阶段提升集群竞争力的战略对策；第五章：在第三、四章的基础上提出应用产业集群战略规划来提升泉州民营企业产业集群的竞争力，并介绍了集群战略规划的思路；第六章：引入泉州运动鞋产业集群的案例，应用本文构建的集群竞争力评价体系及生命周期理论进行实证分析，并提出提升该集群竞争力的详细对策；结论：总结全文的研究，并指出本论文研究的一些不足之处。

On the bases of investigating and grasping the materials about the AHPPEs, AHPPEs' developing situation is analyzed completely in this article on vertical direction of time order and horizontal direction of department, in the meantime, material buying process, capital's using rate, and product selling process are also analyzed completely. Pointing out because the differences of owning right among State-Operated Enterprises, Collectively Operated Enterprises and Privately Operated Enterprises, there are differences in the producing behavior and trade development.A. According to the theory of producer behavior, POEs is on the way from stageⅠto stage Ⅱ,economic interests increasing;COEs is on the end of stageⅡ,economic interests decreasing;SOEs on stage Ⅲ,economic interests is negatively increasing.Model analyzing method shows that scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, but POEs is the reverse.B. Different owning right enterprises have great differences in the respect of capital scale,product making and selling processes, at last SOEs and COEs' economic interests is much less than that of POEs. Scale economic doesn't exist in SOEs and COEs, POEs have the potential of developing scale economic, furthermore, the new-coming horizontal in the horizontal structure have the good situation.

在跟踪调查掌握资料的基础上，文章对该区农畜产品加工企业的发展状况从时间序列的纵向和行业结构的横向进行了比较分析，同时又从原材料购买过程、资金的利用效率以及产品的销售过程等各个方面进行了全方位地剖析，指出由于企业存在着国有、集体和民营产权类型的不同，导致生产行为和行业发展存在着差异：A、生产者行为理论分析总结出，民营企业正在处于第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的过度区，经济效益上升；集体企业处于第Ⅱ阶段的末端，经济效益下降；国有企业处于第Ⅲ阶段，经济效益负增长。B、不同产权企业在资金规模，产品的生产和售卖过程上存在着很大不同，最终导致国有和集体企业经济效益比民营企业要差得多，用模型方法分析得出结论：国有企业和集体企业都不存在规模经济，而民营企业存在规模经济的发展潜力，并且在行业结构中属于民营产权的新兴行业发展状况良好。C、行业间也存在着很大的不同：集体企业的优势行业是制酒、粮食加工和肉食品加工等行业；民营企业的优势在皮件类、服装、粮食加工和制酒等行业；国有企业当中食品加工、肉食品加工和食品冷库类是优势行业。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。