民族语言

Language is a very important character of ethnic group. Language is the most important carrier in transmitting ethnic culture.

语言是民族的重要特征，语言也是传承民族文化最重要的载体。

The presence of guttural sounds, diacritic aspirations, epenthetic and servile letters in both languages: their antiquity, both having been taught on the plain of Shinar 242 years after the deluge in the seminary instituted by Fenius Farsaigh, descendant of Noah, progenitor of Israel, and ascendant of Heber and Heremon, progenitors of Ireland: their archaeological, genealogical, hagiographical, exegetical, homiletic, toponomastic, historical and religious literatures comprising the works of rabbis and culdees, Torah, Talmud, Massor, Pentateuch, Book of the Dun Cow, Book of Ballymote, Garland of Howth, Book of Kells: their dispersal, persecution, survival and revival: the isolation of their synagogical and ecclesiastical rites in ghetto S.

218两种语言都有喉音、区分的气音、增音以及附属性的字母。两种都是古老的语言，大洪水后二四二年，费尼乌斯。法赛在西纳尔平原所创办的学院就开了这两种语言的课程。他是以色列民族的祖先挪亚的后裔；又是爱尔兰民族的祖先埃贝尔与赫里蒙的始祖。用这两种语言写成的考古学的、系谱学的、圣徒传记学的、注释学的、布道术的、地名研究的、历史的以及宗教方面的著作，其中包括犹太法学博士和神仆团团员的著述：托拉、《塔木德》、马所拉本、《五经》、《牛皮书》、《巴利莫特书》、《霍斯饰本》、《凯尔斯书》，记述这两个民族的离散：，受迫害，幸存，复兴。

Under the frame of the language of the host country, the writers try to mix the vocabulary and grammar of their national language into the dominant language of the host country. By doing so, they more or less weaken the dominancy of the host country language and make their ethnic voice heard.

飞散作家使用混杂化的所在国语言进行写作的过程，既是一种语言的再创造过程，也是一种文化翻译的过程，在所在国官方语言的框架之中，能够尽可能充分地展示本民族的语言和文化，并使其以自然的方式为人所知，同时，又将自己本民族的词汇与语法结构通过这种自然的方式融入所在国的强势语言中，在一定程度上消解了强势语言的霸权，发出了自己族群的声音。

Language is the spirit of the nation and vice versa. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis develops Humboldt's ideas to the extreme.

他认为，"一个民族的语言和思维是不可分割的，一个民族的语言就是他们的精神，一个民族的精神就是他们的语言。"

This is, for China and other multiracial countries, very positive and may give some solutions for the future. In the introduction there is an explanation of the reason why I choose this title and also the questions about Switzerland in the field of present research and the meaning of those researches. The first part describes the formation of the community of Switzerland, and there I define the word "community" and the peculiarity of each member of this community, the time the Swiss people take to build this community. The second part describes this formation with more details like geographical problem, language differences, the psychological pugnacity for liberty, the practical art of neutrality and the freedom for religious behavior. Those themes prove the formation of the Swiss community. The third part contains the following topics: the international position of Switzerland and its stability, the balance of economic production, the foundation of the Swiss government and the charm of its feature. For those topics I use the economic, political and cultural angle.

全文分为瑞士多民族社会的形成，在这一部分中重点介绍了民族和民族共同体的界定，瑞士各民族的地理分布及主要特征，瑞士民族共同体形成的历史时间断限，在这一部分中特别提出了民族共同体的概念，为全文的行文打下一个概念基础；在瑞士民族共同体形成的表现部分中，共分为语言和地域差别问题的消弭，崇尚独立自由的心理素质的确立，中立外交政策的奉行，宗教多元化的制衡等几个小的部分，四个部分平衡并立，共同来论证瑞士民族共同体的表现；在瑞士民族共同体诞生的原因中，共分为以下几个部分，有瑞士特殊的国际地位与多民族社会的稳定，平衡发达的经济及其吸引力，多元政治体制的建构和灿烂文化和性格的魅力，也就是从政治、经济和文化三个角度对这个问题进行了阐述；在现代瑞士多民族社会问题部分中，有如下几个部分瑞士的外来人口在瑞士国家的生活状况，外来人口融合中的困难，以及瑞士民族共同体中其他的一些社会问题，主要探讨的是瑞士社会中的外国人的生活状况，以及在融合和同化的过程中的成功经验以及给整个瑞士社会带来的几个突出的社会问题；最后是对现代瑞士多民族社会问题的思考，也就是从和睦性，认同感以及民族平等政策三个角度中进行的分析。

Language in the Visual C ++ program to prepare the small company's management wages Data Structures Using C language simulation of the car park management, vehicle output reached, departure time and location C language environment in Turbo C 2.0 calculator program to prepare the basic functions, and provide visual interface SQL server database and the use of VC ++"student information management system" 2007,"Higher Education's Cup" National Mathematical Contest in Modeling (China's population growth projections) were third prizes Hubei Division Zhongnan University of Nationalities in 2006 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (the company's best production programme) won by their schools China and South Africa in 2007 by the national schools "Innovation Capability honorary title" 2006 "click space of a series of activities Poetry Speech Competition" The Excellence Awards 2006 - 2007 Zhongnan University of Nationalities professional third prizes August 2007 through selected to participate in the summer school mathematical modeling training September 2007 in "Higher Education's Cup" National Mathematical Contest in Modeling May 2006 Zhongnan University of Nationalities Mathematical Contest in Modeling Participate in the 2006 ACM Programming Contest 2006 Computer Science Institute participate in the "Click space series of activities," Poetry Speech Competition 2006 National University and South Africa to participate in "Click space series of activities," Program Design Contest China and South Africa in 2005 to join the University of the nation "Table Tennis Association"

++语言在Visual C++环境下编写程序实现小型公司的工资管理数据结构使用C 语言模拟停车场管理问题，输出汽车到达、离开时间及位置 C 语言在Turbo C 2.0环境下编写程序实现计算器的基本功能，并提供可视化界面数据库使用SQL server及VC++实现&学生信息管理系统& 2007年&高教社杯&全国大学生数学建模竞赛获湖北赛区三等奖 2006年中南民族大学数学建模竞赛（汽车公司的最佳生产方案）获学校一等奖 2007年获中南民族大学校&创新能手&荣誉称号 2006年&点击空间系列活动之诗歌演讲比赛&获优秀奖 2006年-2007年中南民族大学专业三等奖 2007年8月经过选拔参加学校暑期数学建模培训 2007年9月参加&高教社杯&全国大学生数学建模竞赛 2006年5月中南民族大学数学建模竞赛 2006年参加ACM程序设计大赛 2006年参加计算机科学学院&点击空间系列活动&之诗歌演讲比赛 2006年参加中南民族大学&点击空间系列活动&之程序设计大赛 2005年加入中南民族大学&乒乓球协会&

Alfred's efforts to unify England and establish a national language apart from Latin were interrupted by an invasion of yet another group of Norsemen, the Vikings.

阿尔弗雷德试图统一英国，并创立与拉丁文毫不相干的统一的民族语言，但他的努力被北欧海盗——另一支斯堪的纳维亚人——的入侵中断了，而终未实现他的抱负。

In the fountainhead of Chinese poetry-"The Book of songs", there are many onomatopoeias reduplications and alliterations: All of these are Chinese language's particular "poetry function" displayed in the first poetry anthology.

在中国诗歌的源头《诗经》中，有大量的摹声词、重言词及双声叠韵词，这些词汇正是汉民族语言特有的&诗歌功能&借上古第一部诗歌总集的大展示。

Lexical cultural meaning, as a universal phenomenon of natural language, has been widely discussed in linguistic literature.

词汇文化语义作为各民族语言中非常普遍的现象，在语言学领域广为探讨。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。