民族精神

These images that need no word expression and logical reasoning, even need no brain-racking search for the archetypes, are a kind of self-cultural sediment. They may have multiple and cultural relations or collisions with a declining national spirit at present, but the paintings themselves not only act as a representation of dominant cultural traits of our nation, but are also my attempts to continue stone inscriptions and brick engravings by those ancient people through knife scraping and line engraving in cold and gray tone, not only a visual sediment of my own obscure emotion, but also a kind of exterior exposition of my personal art spirit.

这些无须用言词、逻辑去表达、推理、甚至去挖空心思搜寻的形象，是自我的某种文化的积淀，或许与时下民族气性衰微与潦落的状况有着多层面的文化上的关联与冲突，但画面本身不仅成为民族强势文化特质的某种形式上的渲染，同时也希籍冷灰色调下的刀刮、线刻能够成为古人碑帖、砖刻痕迹的某种延续，既是自我内心晦涩情绪的视觉沉淀，也是个人艺术精神的某种外化的诠释。

And who, on the other hand, would think of making only the diversion-craving luxuriousness of those Florentine circles and the vanity of their dramatic singers responsible for the love of the opera which spread with such rapidity?

同时，我们也会感觉到：好象悲剧时代的诞生不过表示德国精神之返回自己，在强大入侵势力长期间强迫它奴役于其治下，过着绝望的野蛮生活之源泉，它敢于在所有民族面前高视阔步，无须罗马文明牵着它学步了，只要它能够坚定地学习一个民族，学习古希腊人——向希腊人学习毕竟是一种高尚的光荣和出众的优越。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在"结语"部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以"基督教大世界"普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

I could deeply feel inside them the strength and staunchness of the Chinese people, the stubbornness of a nation and the backbone of a nation.

这次地震让我清晰地看到了灾区人民临危不乱、平稳有序、从容乐观的精神状态，也看到了生命的闪光，我更体会到了中国人的力量与坚强，一个民族的倔强，一个民族的脊梁。

If the individuals engaging in advertisement are good at combining the traditional culture Symbol and modern advertisement to exhibit ethical, civilian, agrestic, and traditional symbolization and fable on advertisement communication format and content, the designing will gain powerful pneuma supporting. At the same time, they need to hold the traditional cultural manner and put them into international universal designing language and modern designing ideas.

笔者认为，如果广告人善于将传统文化符号与现代广告设计相结合，对广告传达的形式和内容方面大胆展现民族的、民间的、乡土的、传统的各种象征与神话表述，在保持本民族传统艺术风格的同时，融入国际通用的设计语言及现代设计理念，能使设计获得强大的精神支撑。

Fusion is not to add or interblend, but melt among the character and to rebear a new infart: the design art of modernization, democracy and a new race. But the core is a certain agreement of the modernspirit and the classic tradition.

融合不是相加、相混合，而是将两种民族文化消融在个性的体内，再孕育出一个新的婴儿：现代的、民主的、新的民族设计艺术，其核心是现代精神与古典传统的某种契合。

Thirdly ,few of Chinese people majoring in philosophy have become remarkable philosophers as Heigel ,Kande and so on in the world .

作为对世界和人类根本问题的思考，哲学代表了一个民族在精神上所站立的高度，决定了它能否作为一个优秀民族在世界上发挥作用。

Years of neglect, oppression, and misrule,have been at work, to change their nature and reduce their spirit; miserable jealousies, fomented by petty Princes to whom union was destruction, and division strength, have been a canker at their root of nationality, and have barbarized their language; but the good that was in them ever, is in them yet, and a noble people may be, one day, raised up from these ashes.

多年的疏忽、迫害、失政、混乱、蹂躏，破坏了他们的本性，堕落了他们的精神。那些视统一、联合为仇雠的小公小爵，为不幸的忌恨搧火加温，再加上分裂的势力，俱都像痈毒般啃啮著他们民族的根、使他们的语言日趋下作野蛮。但是他们心中良善的本质，过去在，今天依然也在；一支高贵的民族，有一天，或将再度从这些灰烬之中重生，崛起。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在&结语&部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以&基督教大世界&普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。