民族性

In terms of modem times product design traits: information, series, commodity and ecology, the paper analyzes the culture of product design, including material, mental, nationality, epoch and nature.

依据现代产品设计信息化、系列化、商品化、生态化的发展特征，从产品设计的物质性、精神性、民族性、时代性和自然性五部分探讨产品设计的文化性。

Therefore, in the long history of development, our painting artics developed a school of its own in the world, that is the art of "Chinese painting and calligraphy".

因此，我国绘画艺术在长期的历史发展中形成了世界上独树一帜的民族性艺术，即&中国书画&艺术。

The compradors were a new type of businessmen who were active in the trade between the west and Chinese businessmen.

买办是活动于近代中西贸易之间的新型商人，自身的投机性、民族性和保险业的高额利润使其成为投资于民族保险业的首批华商。

They have already gone beyond the debates about "brush-and-ink," and have leaped the boundaries of simple dualities such as "traditional" and "modern,""East" and "West,""real" and "abstract," or "national" and "international."

他们的作品已超越了笔墨的零和之争，跳出了&传统&与&现代&，&东方&与&西方&，&具象&与&抽象&，&民族性&与&世界性&等的简单二元对立的框架。

In my opinion, the times, nationality and popular is the most important features in his life of music creation. Whats more, his exquisites compose skill and profound idea makes him success.

笔者认为，音乐创作中的时代性、民族性、人民性，自始至终地贯穿于李焕之的创作生涯，并且，以其精湛的作曲技法、深刻的思想内涵，体现了他独特的创作特色。

The thesis probes into Schoenberg' thinkings about music history, music nationalism, music education, music criticism, and music creation, respectively. There are some important viewpoints in Schoenberg's music thought: Firstly, Schoenberg's ideas of music history, he believes relationship of tradition and revolution in art is dialectical in nature, and argues that evolution in music was determined by natural law, obviously influenced by Hegel's philosophical history idea. Secondly, the thesis sums up his viewpoints of music nationalism, such as "lay stress on art music, look down on folk music","lay stress on western European music, look down on non- western European music" by Schoenberg's account about the reasons of the formation of national art, the dominant of national art and nationality in music; in fact, this viewpoint of western cultural centricity is one of his i mportant viewpoints throughout his life; Thirdly, Schoenberg's concept of music education: in his thought a composing teacher should teach the students how to master "the tool of art", train them for their ability of "one major and various kinds of techniques", try his best to nourish the student's personality; Fourthly, Schoenberg set forth some opinions about modern music critics and the method of music criticism: a music critic must be equipped with the quality of a music expert, and render composer's idea to the public by his art imagination, but not his personal opinion,and Schoenberg stress the areas of music criticism on style and idea ; Lastly, Schoenberg's concept of music creation: Expressionism and organism are two important issues in Schoenberg's thinking about music creation.

本文通过对勋伯格各类论文、书信、演讲、专著等文稿的评述，分别探讨了作为音乐思想家的勋柏格的音乐历史观、民族主义音乐观、音乐教育观、音乐批评观与音乐刨作观，并在此基础上总结了折射在勋柏格音乐思想中的几个重要观点：一，勋柏格对于音乐历史的认识：通过德奥音乐界前辈给予他的创作启示，以及勋伯格对自己几个创作阶段的发展历程的总结，阐述了他对于艺术中的传统与革新之间的关系的辩证认识，并通过这些问题总结出音乐的演进与黑格尔倡导的&历史发展必然性&哲学观念之间存在着必然联系；二，勋柏格的民族主义音乐观：通过勋柏格对于形成民族艺术特征的根本原因、民族艺术中的支配现象、民间音乐与艺术音乐之间的比较、音乐刨作中的&民族性&问题的意识等方面问题的剖析与认识，总结了他的&重艺术音乐，轻民间音乐&、&重西欧音乐，轻非西欧音乐&的观点，从而突出了他的精神领域中的根深蒂固的&德奥音乐中心论&，这是一个浸润着浓厚的西欧文化中心论色彩的观点，也是贯串他毕生的音乐思想的重要观点之一；三，勋柏格对音乐教育问题的见解：勋柏格认为作曲教师应该教会学生掌握&艺术的工具&、在教学中努力做到&一专多能&、注重个性培养；四，勋柏格对当代音乐批评家与音乐批评方法提出的要求：音乐批评家必须具备作为一名音乐家的专业修养，要以真实、客观的态度对待音乐批评这门神圣的职业，充分运用内心的艺术联想向公众再现作曲家的意图，而不是将个人见解强加于受众；同时，批评家需要对艺术的过去与未来拥有全面的了解与较准确的预测，在音乐批评的具体范畴中，应将重心角度置于探讨音乐作品的风格与思想之间的关系方面。

Meanwhile, we hold that the national characteristics of Erhu and Erhu art are the product of the synthetical influence of several factors such as the linguistic characteristics, aesthetic conceptions and the folk music of our nation. They have the characteristics of uniqueness, transmission and integration, which are embodied in the following three aspects: the generation and the characteristics of Erhu in itself, the music language of Erhu music compositions and its performance skills.

并认为，二胡和二胡艺术的民族性特征是我国民族的语言特点、审美观念及民族民间音乐等多方面因素综合影响下的产物，具有其独特性、传承性与融合性，具体表现在：二胡的产生及其自身的特点；二胡音乐作品的音乐语言；二胡的演奏手法三方面。

In a sense, because this period was not only an end of the national tribulation, but also a beginning of China to seek ask again for jump-off point of history from politicals economics thinking and cultural viewpoint, it was filled with anxiety rooted in turbulence and change. It was after Culture Revolution that the narration of tribulation in literature reflected more about the complexity s contradiction and turbulence of the society, and more about some basic conditions of mankind.

从某种意义上说，这段时期因为既是&文革&这一民族性苦难的终结，也是中国社会在政治、经济、思想、文化层面重寻历史起点的开始，因此而充满着动荡和变易的焦灼；文学中的苦难叙述也更能折射出复杂、矛盾、游移不定的时代特性，更能表现出人类的某种根本处境。

The essay summarizes the characteristics of Mr. Liangs design ideology that the architecture serves the real practice, nation and people and is featured with amalgamation and creation.

归纳出梁先生建筑创作思想中所体现的实践性、民族性、人民性、融合性、创新性、时代性的主要特征。

On the poet's choice, mainly be decided by two standards, one is the popularity and influences of works; two is the meaning of the creations development that it create for the whole colony. Owing to above two standards, the writer chooses seven writers to launch the treatise, they are Jidi Maja, Jimu Langge, Luwu Laqi, Ma Deqing, Aku Wuwu , Asu Yuer, Eni-Mushashijia. In discussing the process, the writer used the nationality and Poetics of the poem as the latent clues, emphasized to inquiry into three main roads and three main realms. On the article structure, the full text mainly is divided into two parts, one is the concrete imago analysis to each poet creations, two is upon the analytical foundation the integration of the theories, with this the treatise could be united into an organic whole. In regard to the conclusion, we educe the characteristics of the colony is deep consciousness to the nation culture, also extensive exploration and attention to poetics. The blemish is the inside emotion and sensibility is similar or duplicate and that the creation pattern is narrow. The main develop threads of the colony are upon the female clan culture the diverse poem skill investigation, its nation culture value tropism present the rising spiral type of return- leave- return again.

在研究方法上，本文以意象分析法为贯穿全文的主要方法，通过对意象的具体分析来****凉山诗群的诗歌世界；在诗人的选择上以其作品的影响力及意义为标准，选择了这一诗群的七位诗人展开论述，他们分别是吉狄马加、吉木狼格、倮伍拉且、马德清、阿库乌雾、阿苏越尔、俄尼·牧莎斯加；在论述过程上，笔者以诗歌的民族性和诗性作为前后贯穿的潜在线索，着重探讨了这一诗群创作的三个主要倾向和三个主要领域，前者详论，后者略述，具体表现在对前三位诗人的论述以诗人论的形式详细展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群发展过程中的三个主要创作倾向，即民族文化的深层开掘、诗艺的实验性探索和艺术哲学的尝试性建构，对后四位诗人的论述则以主题的方式展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群在爱情诗、乡土诗和文化诗三个领域的探索；在文章结构上，全文主要分为两大板块，一是对各位诗人创作的具体意象分析，二是在前文分析的基础上进行理论的整合，以此将前面散珠似的论述贯穿成一个有机整体；在结论上，我们通过整合得出：1、凉山诗人群新时期以来诗歌创作的大致发展脉络：在母族文化的基质之上的多元诗艺探索，其民族文化价值取向呈现为回归—离去—再回归的螺旋式上升形态；2、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的特点，即民族文化意识的深层自觉，对诗性的关注和探索；3、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的缺陷，即情感意蕴的雷同和创作格局的狭小。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。