民族主义

The nationalism motivated by the fierce competition of nation-states guided the political reform of late Qing China. But the fruitless response of Qing government, and the long-term inequality of domestic ethnic groups, left the room for the combination of internal racial nationalism and external state nationalism.

因民族国家竞争而激起的民族主义，主导了晚清的政治改革；却因为清政府的无力回应，和满汉之间长期以来在法律、任官上的不平等，让外部的民族主义强化了内部的满汉民族主义。

The article holds that nationalism in the postcolonial Arab countries demands in state-building strong populism, radical deinstitutionalization, direct democracy and charismatic leadership, but finally is converted to authoritarian because of the unsustainability of these demands, which is both the logic result of self evolvement of nationalism and the inner request of social development of Arab countries.

文章认为，后殖民时代阿拉伯国家的民族主义在国家建构上主要表达了强烈的民粹主义、激进的"去制度化"行动、直接民主与"克里斯马"型统治的诉求倾向，以及因这些诉求难以长久为继而导向威权政治模式，这既是民族主义自身进化的逻辑结果，也是阿拉伯国家社会发展的内在要求。

In the future, the developing trend of exclusionism which is in Europe, especially in Western Europe; network nationalism and economic nationalism and cultural nationalism will draw much attention from the international society.

展望未来，欧洲，特别是西欧国家的排外主义浪潮、网络民族主义的发展、经济民族主义与文化民族主义这三个发展方向将引人关注。

According to Fanon, it takes three phases for nationalism to mature—the assimilation phase, the cultural nationalist phase characterized by imitation and mimicry as expanded by Bhabha, and the final nationalist phase featured by the hybridity in national culture and identity.

法农认为民族主义要经历三个阶段才能最终走向成熟，即同化阶段、(以巴巴推崇的模仿和模拟为特征的)文化民族主义阶段和最后的(以民族文化和认同中的混杂为特征的)民族主义阶段。

This paper analyzes the fascist nationalism and racialism represented by German Nazi in the Second World War .

文章回顾和分析了二次世界大战中以德国纳粹为代表的法西斯极端民族主义，种族主义产生的根源和实质，认为其根源于资本主义民族国家的民族主义思想，实质是帝国主义的极端民族主义和种族主义。

The Structural and Functional Causes of the Rise of Fascism ;2. The fascism and racialism still exist in today s world.

文章回顾和分析了二次世界大战中以德国纳粹为代表的法西斯极端民族主义、种族主义产生的根源和实质，认为其根源于资本主义民族国家的民族主义思想，实质是帝国主义的极端民族主义和种族主义。

The universalistic principles bring nationalism into conflict with competing forms of universalism, the particularistic principles bring specific nationalist movements into conflict with rival nationalisms - for instance, the Danish-German tensions over their reciprocal linguistic minorities.

带来的普遍性原则相冲突的民族主义的竞争形式的普遍性，带来的特殊原则的具体民族主义运动陷入冲突与对手的民族主义-例如，丹麦和德国的紧张局势及其相互语言上属于少数群体。

The effect is primarily expressed by four ways as follows:(1)The collapse of the gigantic Ottoman Empire established the border of contemporary national countries in the Middle East;(2)When the Arab Nationalism came into being as a whole ideology,the mundane nationalism made a great progress in non-Arabic countries such as Turkey,Afghanistan and Iran;(3)Inspired by the nationalistic spirit,the wind of modernized reform blew all over the Arabia Islan...

战争对中东的影响主要体现在三个方面：一战使庞大的奥斯曼帝国崩溃，为中东现代民族国家疆界的基本形成奠定基础；阿拉伯民族主义作为一个完整的意识形态出现，世俗的民族主义在土耳其、阿富汗、伊朗等非阿拉伯国家蓬勃发展；在民族主义精神的激励下，现代化的改革之风吹遍了土耳其、伊朗、阿富汗和阿拉伯半岛。

They were characterized by vivid racial elements, the adoration of force and the trend of revanchism, all of which obviously reflected a tension between nationalism and liberalism. It can be attributed to the radical political context and the ideal context affected by the blend of traditional ethnic consciousness and the external theories of state and nationalism, both of which lead to the tension between nationalism and liberalism in modern China.

本文从民族话语的传播媒介和作为话语构建主体的知识分子的分化与组合入手，分析拒俄事件中知识分子对民族主义的学理性阐释，对民族共同的敌人的塑造以及民族集体记忆的搭建和民族情绪的渲染，归纳其民族话语建构中种族因素突出，强力崇拜和复仇主义倾向明显的集体主义种族民族主义特质，进而由知识分子深陷的激进政治语境、边缘化过程中的群体特质，以及传统族群意识与外来进化理念、人种学说、国家观念、民族主义理论交汇而成的观念语境出发，结合经世致用与道德取向的知识人传统，探讨知识精英民族话语建构中种族民族主义倾向掩盖自由主义价值追求的缘由。

This change shows: in our time, the economic development of any nation must be integrated into the global economic system; the modernization of any nation can only be realized on the basis of global joint development; today's nationalist movement may still need to obtain nutritions from the structure of national sovereignty, but if any nationalist movement emphasizing the worship of national sovereignty too much may be regarded as "narrowminded" or even "extreme" nationalism.

中亚民族主义价值取向的转变表明：在当今时代，任何民族的经济发展只能融入全球经济大潮和全球经济分工体系之中才能实现；任何民族的现代化只能在全球共同发展的基础上才能实现；今天的民族主义运动虽然仍需要从民族国家主权架构中获得营养，但任何民族主义运动如果对传统主权过分崇拜，就有可能被视为&狭隘&的甚至是&极端&的民族主义。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。