民族上

On the poet's choice, mainly be decided by two standards, one is the popularity and influences of works; two is the meaning of the creations development that it create for the whole colony. Owing to above two standards, the writer chooses seven writers to launch the treatise, they are Jidi Maja, Jimu Langge, Luwu Laqi, Ma Deqing, Aku Wuwu , Asu Yuer, Eni-Mushashijia. In discussing the process, the writer used the nationality and Poetics of the poem as the latent clues, emphasized to inquiry into three main roads and three main realms. On the article structure, the full text mainly is divided into two parts, one is the concrete imago analysis to each poet creations, two is upon the analytical foundation the integration of the theories, with this the treatise could be united into an organic whole. In regard to the conclusion, we educe the characteristics of the colony is deep consciousness to the nation culture, also extensive exploration and attention to poetics. The blemish is the inside emotion and sensibility is similar or duplicate and that the creation pattern is narrow. The main develop threads of the colony are upon the female clan culture the diverse poem skill investigation, its nation culture value tropism present the rising spiral type of return- leave- return again.

在研究方法上，本文以意象分析法为贯穿全文的主要方法，通过对意象的具体分析来透视凉山诗群的诗歌世界；在诗人的选择上以其作品的影响力及意义为标准，选择了这一诗群的七位诗人展开论述，他们分别是吉狄马加、吉木狼格、倮伍拉且、马德清、阿库乌雾、阿苏越尔、俄尼·牧莎斯加；在论述过程上，笔者以诗歌的民族性和诗性作为前后贯穿的潜在线索，着重探讨了这一诗群创作的三个主要倾向和三个主要领域，前者详论，后者略述，具体表现在对前三位诗人的论述以诗人论的形式详细展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群发展过程中的三个主要创作倾向，即民族文化的深层开掘、诗艺的实验性探索和艺术哲学的尝试性建构，对后四位诗人的论述则以主题的方式展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群在爱情诗、乡土诗和文化诗三个领域的探索；在文章结构上，全文主要分为两大板块，一是对各位诗人创作的具体意象分析，二是在前文分析的基础上进行理论的整合，以此将前面散珠似的论述贯穿成一个有机整体；在结论上，我们通过整合得出：1、凉山诗人群新时期以来诗歌创作的大致发展脉络：在母族文化的基质之上的多元诗艺探索，其民族文化价值取向呈现为回归—离去—再回归的螺旋式上升形态；2、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的特点，即民族文化意识的深层自觉，对诗性的关注和探索；3、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的缺陷，即情感意蕴的雷同和创作格局的狭小。

The establishment, maturation and perfect of the rule of ethnologic law are very helpful to carry out ethnical equality, to eliminate the discrimination which has a long historical background, to enhance the national harmony and unity, to stabilize the society, to make communication and cooperation from one to another.

民族法治的建立、健全和完善，有利于对民族平等权利的实现，消除历史上形成的对少数民族的歧视，增强民族团结和民族互助，增强社会的安定和中华民族的凝聚力，增加民族地区与国家、民族地区与其他地方之间以及少数民族与汉族之间的交流、团结、信任与合作。

Egoism and exclusionism of the English nation-state drives the English protest all the other powers that bind and restrict and threaten it. The English regards the activities of their colonial expansion abroad as a right, by which they might settle in some other abroad places unoccupied by other countries like Spain and Portugal etc. Beating the Spanish not only raises the English national confidence, but also clears the biggest obstacle hindering the English to expand their power abroad, and prepares favorable conditions for the construction and development of the British Empire in the Dynasty of the Stuart.

民族国家的利己性和排他性，驱使英国人反对包括罗马教皇、西班牙人、葡萄牙人、汉萨人等在内的外国势力对英格兰民族国家的束缚、限制与威胁；英国人把海外殖民扩张视为实现英格兰民族平等发展的神圣权利，他们在反对外国人的斗争中逐渐增强了民族意识和民族精神；打败西班牙人不但提高了英格兰民族的自信心，而且扫除了他们通向海外殖民扩张道路上的最大障碍，为斯图亚特王朝时期英国海外殖民贸易帝国的建立和发展准备了有利条件。

This article is based on the research of Mr. Li Yinghai"s monograph the modes of Music of the Han nationality and their harmony, his music composition and a series of his vocal music works, piano works. From the structure of the chord, the harmonic progression, the modes and tonality, texture composition style, the style of dealing with the skill and technique of national music sound simulation, etc. the author expounds Mr. Li Yinghai"s great achievement and his precious experience on academic research and application on national mode harmony in detail.1. Music composition should regard nationalitys traditional music as foundation, and at the same time use European traditional skill and technique of music composition for reference, seek the harmony of traditional skill and technique, modern idea and national style. Only in this way could we promote research of the national music theory and creation of the national music.2. Theory stems from practice, guides practice again at the same time. And theory is developing, perfecting constantly in practice.

文章以黎英海先生的理论专著《汉族调式及其和声》以及他创作、改编的一系列声乐作品、钢琴作品为研究对象，从和弦结构、和声进行、调式调性、织体写法、间音处理手法、民族音乐音色模拟技法等方面详细论述了黎英海先生在民族调式和声理论的研究与应用上取得的丰硕成果与宝贵经验及其给我们的两点启示：1、音乐创作应以民族传统音乐为根基，以欧洲传统作曲技法为借鉴，努力探求音乐创作中传统技法、现代理念与民族风格的和谐统一，以此推动民族音乐理论的研究与民族音乐的创作。2、理论来源于实践，同时又指导实践，并在实践中不断发展、完善。

But through the investigation we find that the contact between the national members take the economic exchange as their suppert.Third,the Huis and Hans have positive and stable attitude toward inter-ethnic contacts in the psychological scale ,such as colleagues,group ,neighours and making friends.But the upgrade of their religious beliefs,the Huis have a high congnition in the national consciousness and the national identity .The Huis and the Hans have a high sense of identity in the same sex in the contacts by the impact of the traditional Chinese culture and the division model .Regard to the deep-seated inter-ethnic-marriage contact,members of the Huis and Hans have certain reservations .Especially,the Huia have the attitude because of the religion belief .

第三，在交往的心理尺度上，回汉民族的交往态度积极稳定，对民族间日常的交往，如同事、团体、经济、做邻居及其交友方面都有很高的积极态度，但同时由于宗教信仰对于民族意识(来源：A82B2f66C论文网www.abclunwen.com)和民族认同、情感方面的提升作用，回族对民族交往的民族身份有很高的认同；受中国传统文化和分工模式的影响，回汉民族成员对交往的同性别对象有很高的认同感；对于民族间的深层次交往——婚姻交往，回汉民族成员都有一定的保留，尤其是回族对于宗教信仰的崇敬，比较反对回汉之间的通婚，汉族也因生活习惯的差异对族际通婚持保留态度，心理距离相对较远。

The author put forward the following opinions: civilian sport refers to non-official sports activities de-veloped among the masses; it is not provided with the characteristic of being passed on and continued generation by generation, can occur in a certain period, and disappear in a certain period; folk sport refers to sports activities closely related to civilian customs, mainly existing in civilian celebrative activities, religious activities and ritual ac-tivities; it is a form of sports culture passed on and continued generation by generation, provided with the character-istics of collectivity, inheritability and mode; national sport is divided into general type and special type; general na-tional sport refers to a special culture that once historically reflected and carried common psychological capacity and culture of a nation and is enjoyed by that nation; Chinese national sport, ancient Grecian sport and ancient Egyptian sport are specific forms of presentation of national sport; special national sport refers to a sports cultural form that is exclusively owned by a nation in modern time, reflects and carries common psychological capacity and culture of that nation, and is created and enjoyed by that nation; traditional sport refers to a stable sports culture that is historically inherited and gradually formed by a nation in practical activities in a long history, embodied in all as-pects of sports cultural activities and passed on generation by generation.

摘 要：民间体育是指非官方的在民众中开展的体育活动，它不具有世代相传和延续的特点，可以在某一时期出现，又可能在某一时期消失；民俗体育是指那些与民间风俗习惯关系密切，主要存在于民间节庆活动、宗教活动、祭祀活动中，是一种世代传承和延续的体育文化形态，具有集体性、传承性和模式性特点；民族体育有广义和狭义之分，广义民族体育指曾在历史上反映和承载着一个民族共同心理素质、共同文化，为该民族享用的一种特殊文化，中华民族体育、古希腊体育、古埃及体育都是民族体育的具体表现形式，狭义民族体育是指近现代一个民族所独有的，反映并承载该民族共同心理素质、共同文化并为该民族所创造和享用的一种体育文化形态；传统体育是指由历史沿袭下来，是民族在漫长的历史实践活动中积累而成的稳定的体育文化，体现在健身、养生、娱乐思维方式、行为方式等体育文化活动的各个方面，并通过社会心理结构及其它物化媒介(如棋盘、武术器械、文献典籍等)得以世代相传。

Selects in the material on inorder to for person by mystical graceful graceful feminine daydream,both must leave the dust refinedly, and does not lose the nationalclothing characteristic, therefore must select with it feeling closelining, the pure silk, the tissue, the flower bud silk unionutilization, suddenly reveals its mystically, is graceful; Is and theblack gray and so on other colors embellishes using the clothing wholepurple, achieved the harmonious feeling, echoes with the subject;Again take has the national style design, lace element and so onsplicing as the design spot, joins the modern clothing synthesis tocut out the idea, during attenion popular element, needs to derivethis nationality traditional culture and the national specialcharacteristic penetrates from the national clothing color and themodelling into during the fashion female attire design, manifestsAmerica of the fashion which the national culture and the modern tidalcurrent unifies.

在材料的选用上为了给人以神秘曼妙优雅的女性遐想，既要出尘脱俗，又不失民族服装特色，因此要选用与之感觉相接近的面料，真丝、薄纱、蕾丝的结合运用，来突显其神秘、优雅；运用服装整体的紫色系与黑色灰色等其他色点缀，来达到和谐的感觉，与主题相呼应；再以有民族风格的图案、花边的拼接等元素为设计点，加入现代服装合体的裁剪理念，在注重流行元素的同时，更需要汲取本民族传统文化和民族特质从民族服装色彩及造型深入到时尚女装的设计之中，体现民族文化与现代潮流相结合的时尚之美。

On the poet's choice, mainly be decided by two standards, one is the popularity and influences of works; two is the meaning of the creations development that it create for the whole colony. Owing to above two standards, the writer chooses seven writers to launch the treatise, they are Jidi Maja, Jimu Langge, Luwu Laqi, Ma Deqing, Aku Wuwu , Asu Yuer, Eni-Mushashijia. In discussing the process, the writer used the nationality and Poetics of the poem as the latent clues, emphasized to inquiry into three main roads and three main realms. On the article structure, the full text mainly is divided into two parts, one is the concrete imago analysis to each poet creations, two is upon the analytical foundation the integration of the theories, with this the treatise could be united into an organic whole. In regard to the conclusion, we educe the characteristics of the colony is deep consciousness to the nation culture, also extensive exploration and attention to poetics. The blemish is the inside emotion and sensibility is similar or duplicate and that the creation pattern is narrow. The main develop threads of the colony are upon the female clan culture the diverse poem skill investigation, its nation culture value tropism present the rising spiral type of return- leave- return again.

在研究方法上，本文以意象分析法为贯穿全文的主要方法，通过对意象的具体分析来****凉山诗群的诗歌世界；在诗人的选择上以其作品的影响力及意义为标准，选择了这一诗群的七位诗人展开论述，他们分别是吉狄马加、吉木狼格、倮伍拉且、马德清、阿库乌雾、阿苏越尔、俄尼·牧莎斯加；在论述过程上，笔者以诗歌的民族性和诗性作为前后贯穿的潜在线索，着重探讨了这一诗群创作的三个主要倾向和三个主要领域，前者详论，后者略述，具体表现在对前三位诗人的论述以诗人论的形式详细展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群发展过程中的三个主要创作倾向，即民族文化的深层开掘、诗艺的实验性探索和艺术哲学的尝试性建构，对后四位诗人的论述则以主题的方式展开，探讨他们所代表的凉山诗群在爱情诗、乡土诗和文化诗三个领域的探索；在文章结构上，全文主要分为两大板块，一是对各位诗人创作的具体意象分析，二是在前文分析的基础上进行理论的整合，以此将前面散珠似的论述贯穿成一个有机整体；在结论上，我们通过整合得出：1、凉山诗人群新时期以来诗歌创作的大致发展脉络：在母族文化的基质之上的多元诗艺探索，其民族文化价值取向呈现为回归—离去—再回归的螺旋式上升形态；2、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的特点，即民族文化意识的深层自觉，对诗性的关注和探索；3、新时期彝族凉山诗人群汉语诗歌创作的缺陷，即情感意蕴的雷同和创作格局的狭小。

If we want to make an effective and rational study of national psychology and a cross-cultural study between national bodies, we must first of all define the basis on which to make the studies as well as the comparisons. Namely, we should define the equivalence which we can make a comparative study of or a cross-cultural study of on the basis of methodology by building a platform of researching the equivalences of different nations so that we can make the study of national psychology there.

要有效而合理地进行民族心理学研究、进行民族族体间的跨文化研究，就必须首先确定这种研究与比较赖以开展的基础，亦即在方法论上对可以进行对比研究或跨文化研究的等值予以确定，搭建一个研究不同民族的等值平台，在这个平台上开展民族心理的研究。

This article discusses the theoretical questions such as 'the transnational ethnic groups' connotation, classification, the differences between transnational ethnic groups and problems of these groups, then analyses the conditions and causes that give rise to problems of transnational ethnic groups, the evolution trend of transnational ethnic groups' influence upon geographic politics and the enlightening significance for us in the course to resolving problems of transnational eth...

本文对跨界民族的内涵、分类、跨界民族和跨界民族问题的区别等理论问题进行了探讨，在此基础上，分析了造成跨界民族问题的条件和原因、跨界民族对地缘政治的影响会沿着什么样的趋势进行演变及跨界民族问题在解决过程中所带给我们的启示

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。