民族

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,in the broad historical context of the British and Irish archipelago,Ireland saw the formation of three different national identities :Catholic-Gaelic identity,Protestant Anglo-Irish identity and Presbyterian Scottish identity.

1 7世纪，在不列颠和爱尔兰群岛这个大的历史语境中，爱尔兰形成了三种不同的民族认同：天主教盖尔民族认同、新教英—爱民族认同和长老会—苏格兰民族认同。

The national policy of Canada experienced the evolvement from assimilation and biculturalism to multiculturalism, the multicultural policy not only mollified the ethnical conflict, but also availed to resist the permeation of American culture, the tolerance it manifests becomes the substance of national identity of Canada.

加拿大的民族政策经历了从民族同化到二元文化再到多元文化政策的演变，多元文化政策不仅缓和了国内的民族矛盾，更有利于抵御美国文化的渗透，它所体现的包容性成为加拿大民族认同的实质。

Through mo dern language, one can probe into the course of history, especially kinship term s and fixed phrases of the ethnic language, and their ample and deep cultural co nnotation.

语言能够比较全面而深刻地体现民族的特点，这是民族的其他特征所不能比拟的，透过现代语言，可探索出该民族不同时期的历史进程，特别是民族语言中的亲属称谓词和固定词语中所蕴涵的文化遗迹最为丰富，也最深

China as well as commences building her national figure beneath exotic force, much differentiae during this process is exposed between China and Europe ,so probing into the foundation of colony and semi-colony countries and comparing the differentiae between two conformation indeed,plays a instructional role to the development of China .

近代的中国在外来势力的裹挟下也开始了民族国家的塑造进程，这一进程与西欧近代民族国家的形成过程有很多的差异，探究殖民地半殖民地国家近代民族的形成，比较中国与西欧在近代形成民族国家的差异，对我国的现实发展也有重要的指导意义。

This paper presents a summary, analysis, appraisal and discussions on the respects of: folk nomenclature and classification of plants, ethnobatanical knowledge and traditional use and management of grassland wild plants, medical ethnobotany, ethnoecology and sustainable use of grassland ecosystem, indigenous culture and plants, and ethnobotanic use value of plants.

本文从民间植物命名与分类、民族植物学知识与草原野生植物的传统利用与管理、药用民族植物学、民族生态学知识与草原生态系统可持续利用、地域文化与植物以及植物应用价值的定量民族植物学等方面分别进行了总结、分析、评价和讨论。

Its behaving forms involve ultra nationalism,terrorism and national splittism,they are catabolized national identifications and make against to the state identification and state security for the nations in the national country.

当今是民族个性张扬的时代，极端民族主义、恐怖主义和民族分裂主义是其外在表现形式，这是一种异化的民族认同，不利于各民族国家内部各民族对该国的国家认同和国家安全。

After New China was founded,our Party and State make the ethnic culture cause develop and prosper unprecedentedly by using following measures:formulating a series of policies which are to promote cultural quality of nationalities,carrying forward and flouring excellent traditional culture of nationalities.A...

新中国成立后，制定了一系列旨在提高各民族文化素质、弘扬和繁荣各民族优秀传统文化的民族文化政策，使我国的民族文化事业得到了空前的发展和繁荣，在民族地区的两个文明建设中发挥了重大作用

At Five-finger Mountain,Baoting and Qiongzhong,tourists may vistit the folk culture village,ethnic nationalities museum and ethnic nationalities'folk village,and taste food with Li and Miao nationalities'feature,as well as participate in ethnic festivals and amusements.

在五指山、保亭、琼中等地，游客不但可以参观民族文化村、民族博物馆、民族风情寨，而且还可品尝到黎苗特色餐饮，参与民族节庆活动和民族歌舞娱乐。

They were characterized by vivid racial elements, the adoration of force and the trend of revanchism, all of which obviously reflected a tension between nationalism and liberalism. It can be attributed to the radical political context and the ideal context affected by the blend of traditional ethnic consciousness and the external theories of state and nationalism, both of which lead to the tension between nationalism and liberalism in modern China.

本文从民族话语的传播媒介和作为话语构建主体的知识分子的分化与组合入手，分析拒俄事件中知识分子对民族主义的学理性阐释，对民族共同的敌人的塑造以及民族集体记忆的搭建和民族情绪的渲染，归纳其民族话语建构中种族因素突出，强力崇拜和复仇主义倾向明显的集体主义种族民族主义特质，进而由知识分子深陷的激进政治语境、边缘化过程中的群体特质，以及传统族群意识与外来进化理念、人种学说、国家观念、民族主义理论交汇而成的观念语境出发，结合经世致用与道德取向的知识人传统，探讨知识精英民族话语建构中种族民族主义倾向掩盖自由主义价值追求的缘由。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。