民俗的

The author put forward the following opinions: civilian sport refers to non-official sports activities de-veloped among the masses; it is not provided with the characteristic of being passed on and continued generation by generation, can occur in a certain period, and disappear in a certain period; folk sport refers to sports activities closely related to civilian customs, mainly existing in civilian celebrative activities, religious activities and ritual ac-tivities; it is a form of sports culture passed on and continued generation by generation, provided with the character-istics of collectivity, inheritability and mode; national sport is divided into general type and special type; general na-tional sport refers to a special culture that once historically reflected and carried common psychological capacity and culture of a nation and is enjoyed by that nation; Chinese national sport, ancient Grecian sport and ancient Egyptian sport are specific forms of presentation of national sport; special national sport refers to a sports cultural form that is exclusively owned by a nation in modern time, reflects and carries common psychological capacity and culture of that nation, and is created and enjoyed by that nation; traditional sport refers to a stable sports culture that is historically inherited and gradually formed by a nation in practical activities in a long history, embodied in all as-pects of sports cultural activities and passed on generation by generation.

摘 要：民间体育是指非官方的在民众中开展的体育活动，它不具有世代相传和延续的特点，可以在某一时期出现，又可能在某一时期消失；民俗体育是指那些与民间风俗习惯关系密切，主要存在于民间节庆活动、宗教活动、祭祀活动中，是一种世代传承和延续的体育文化形态，具有集体性、传承性和模式性特点；民族体育有广义和狭义之分，广义民族体育指曾在历史上反映和承载着一个民族共同心理素质、共同文化，为该民族享用的一种特殊文化，中华民族体育、古希腊体育、古埃及体育都是民族体育的具体表现形式，狭义民族体育是指近现代一个民族所独有的，反映并承载该民族共同心理素质、共同文化并为该民族所创造和享用的一种体育文化形态；传统体育是指由历史沿袭下来，是民族在漫长的历史实践活动中积累而成的稳定的体育文化，体现在健身、养生、娱乐思维方式、行为方式等体育文化活动的各个方面，并通过社会心理结构及其它物化媒介(如棋盘、武术器械、文献典籍等)得以世代相传。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

Four aspects of the traditional cultures of ethnic groups (cultural beliefs, medicinal culture, food culture, folklore customs), and their impacts on plant resource management and biodiversity conservation were studied and analyzed in Northwestern Yunnan using ethnobotanical approaches.

中文题名滇西北山地传统民族文化与生物多样性保护副题名外文题名 Traditional ethnic cultures and biodiversity conservation in the mountain areas of northwestern Yunnan，China 论文作者罗鹏导师裴盛基研究员学科专业植物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学院昆明植物研究所学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数156页关键词植物资源民族文化云南民族植物学生物多样性传统文化馆藏号BSLW /2003 /Q948 /23 运用民族植物学原理，采用野外面上调查、定点社区调查和文献研究相结合的办法，对滇西北少数民族传统文化中四个主要方面，即传统信仰文化、医药文化、饮食文化和民俗文化对植物资源的利用和管理的影响、与生物多样性的关系进行了调查和分析，对其中的一些&文化利用植物&进行了编目：运用生态学手段，对信仰文化在生态系统水平上对生物多样性的保护作用进行了定量分析；并采用参与式的典型社区调查的方法分析了民族传统文化对社区资源管理的影响以及传统文化机制的衰退与生物多样性变化的关系。

This article starts form carding the formation and development of the animations in the United States, Japan and Europe, in their respective national television animation style characteristics. In the second chapter, from the national culture, folk customs and ways, the character and geographical four conditions explore the United States, Japan, Europe, ethnic style animation in the film formation due to the dynamic; Chapter III trays to find the common aesthetic features of the Television Animation factors in United States, Japan, Europe, also this part describes the characters from four aspects, such as to find truthfulness, to find kind and so on. Chapter four is the key of this article, this part colludes several parts , such as film animation level, the way how animation to present to the concept of integrity, the character and language of the text character and so on . This end of this article is a summary of papers, down from globalization understanding of the vision of China Television Animation, the theoretical study of the ultimate goal is to practice creative services, what is more important is a comparative analysis, which received some of reference, identify China Television Animation and the gap between other countries, in order to learn from foreign advanced development of the film and television animation experience in the domestic film and television animation themes and concepts updates, in the localization of the close integration with the international on the road to the former OK, can have a more far-reaching significance.

论文首先从美、日、欧、中影视动画各自民族风格的特点出发，对其民族风格的形成与发展进行系统的梳理；进而在第二章中，从民族文化、民风民俗、民族性格和地域条件四个方面探究美、日、欧、中影视动画民族风格形成的动因；第三章是对美、日、欧、中影视动画的同质性因素进行比较，论文从启真、扬善、弘美、尚趣四个维度来寻求其共通的美学特征；第四章中外影视动画民族风格的异质性因素比较是本文的重点，也是论文的难点，这一章涉及到许多影视动画本体性的层面，拟从动画的观念品格、文本品格和行为品格三个方面进行把握、比较；最后一章是论文的总结，从全球化的视野下来认识中国影视动画，理论研究的最终目的是要为实践创作服务的，因而，论文更主要的是通过比较分析，从中获得一些借鉴性意见，找出中国影视动画和其他国家之间的差距，更好的学习国外影视动画先进的发展经验，以期对国产影视动画在题材和观念的更新上、在本土化与国际化紧密结合的道路上如何前行能够有更为深远的指导意义。

In ancient prose times, it plays positive effect to the development and process of one nation, with instructing the behavior and forming value of people. It still brings into play of standardizing life and unifying education in modern times, and it implies profound pedagogy significance,embodying five facets, that is, helping to the cultivation of ethos, favoring the advance of the moral ambit, bearing the sole teaching means, vailing the medium of diffusing traditional culture, including of educational folk-custom.

不仅在古文明时代，对一个民族的发展和进步起着积极的作用，用以指导人们的行为举止，形成人们的价值观念；即使在现代文明社会仍然发挥着规范人生和统一教化的作用，蕴涵着深刻的教育学意义，体现在五个方面的：有助于民族精神的培养、有利于道德境界的提升、是具有独特教化手段的教育资源、是传统文化传承的媒介、包含丰富的教育民俗。

It is applied as the basic features of make-up soil to create a wealth of decorative techniques, that is, all kinds of colored glaze decoration, depiction of flowers, pick flowers, and white flowers, white painted underglazed designated flower, and red and green color, low-lead three-color glaze and white printing, printing and so on more than 30 kinds of celadon; techniques in particular rust spent five kilns broke through the limitations of single-colored glaze, with the artistic effect of traditional ink painting and traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, art and porcelain technology combine to create a new integrated arts, explore the ancient ceramics of the new realm of aesthetics; for the future and colorful blue and white porcelain had paved the way for development.ci zhou yao decorative themes are rich and varied, unique, artist have a very cool way, and masterly skills of painting, will be pleased to see civilyu chong bird, rare birds andrui shou , landscape character, opera stories, poems Qu Fu,min yan motto, children at play Zaju painted on porcelain, etc., to retain a large number of ancient folk painting, calligraphy and folk customs reflect the kind of information, forming a simple, free and easy, a crisp, Haofang's artistic style and rich color and a distinctive non-governmental national characteristics, and the world at large on the domestic ceramics have had a profound impact.

它以施用化妆土为基本特征，创造了丰富的装饰技法，即有各类色釉装饰、刻划花、剔花、白地黑花、白地釉下绘划花，又有红绿彩、低温铅釉三彩和印花白瓷、印花青瓷等三十多种；尤其是铁锈花技法突破了五大官窑单色釉的局限，具有传统水墨画的艺术效果并把中国的传统绘画、书法技艺与制瓷工艺结合起来，创造了新的综合艺术，开拓了古代陶瓷美学的新境界；为以后青花和五彩瓷器的发展开辟了道路。磁州窑的装饰题材丰富多彩，别具一格，画师们以极其潇洒的手法和高妙的画技，将民间喜闻乐见的花鸟鱼虫、珍禽瑞兽、山水人物、戏曲故事、诗词曲赋、格言民谚、婴戏杂剧等绘于瓷器，保留了大量古代民间绘画、书法及反映民俗民风的实物资料，形成了质朴、洒脱、明快、豪放的艺术风格及浓郁的民间色彩和鲜明的民族特色，对国内乃至世界陶瓷产生了深远的影响。

In particular, black white flower, the five kilns broke through the limitations of single-colored glaze, with the artistic effect of traditional ink painting, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, ceramics and art combine to create a new integrated arts, opened up the aesthetics of ancient ceramics a new realm, and for the future and colorful blue and white porcelain million development opened the way.ci zhou yao decorative themes are rich and varied, unique, very cool artist who adopted the tactics and superb skill of the art technology, willyu chong people loved flowers and birds, rare birds andrui shou , landscape character, drama, stories, myths and legends, poetry Qu Fu, epigram proverbs, such as painting children at play acrobatics on top of the porcelain to retain a large number of ancient folk painting, calligraphy and folk customs reflect the kind of information, forming a simple, free and easy, a crisp, Haofang artistic style, rich color and a distinctive non-governmental national characteristics , on the domestic and the world of ceramic and have had an enormous impact on a far-reaching, becoming old and sonic booms, renowned Chinese and foreignming yao generation.

尤其是白地黑花，突破了五大官窑单色釉的局限，具有传统水墨画的艺术效果，把中国的传统绘画、书法技艺与陶瓷工艺结合起来，创造了新的综合艺术，开拓了古代陶瓷美学的新境界，并为以后元青花及五彩瓷器的发展开辟了道路。磁州窑的装饰题材丰富多彩，别具一格，画师们采用极其潇洒的手法和高超精湛的画技，将民间喜闻乐见的花鸟鱼虫、珍禽瑞兽、山水人物、戏剧故事、神话传说、诗词曲赋、警句谚语、婴戏杂技等绘于瓷器之上，保留了大量古代民间绘画、书法及反映民俗民风的实物资料，形成了质朴、洒脱、明快、豪放的艺术风格、浓郁的民间色彩和鲜明的民族特色，对国内及世界陶瓷产生了深远而巨大的影响，成为声震古今、享誉中外的一代名窑。

It is applied as the basic features of make-up soil to create a wealth of decorative techniques, that is, all kinds of colored glaze decoration, depiction of flowers, pick flowers, and white flowers, white painted underglazed designated flower, and red and green color, low-lead three-color glaze and white printing, printing and so on more than 30 kinds of celadon; techniques in particular rust spent five kilns broke through the limitations of single-colored glaze, with the artistic effect of traditional ink painting and traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, art and porcelain technology combine to create a new integrated arts, explore the ancient ceramics of the new realm of aesthetics; for the future and colorful blue and white porcelain had paved the way for development.ci zhou yao decorative themes are rich and varied, unique, artist have a very cool way, and masterly skills of painting, will be pleased to see civilyu chong bird, rare birds andrui shou , landscape character, opera stories, poems Qu Fu,min yan motto, children at play Zaju painted on porcelain, etc., to retain a large number of ancient folk painting, calligraphy and folk customs reflect the kind of information, forming a simple, free and easy, a crisp, Haofang's artistic style and rich color and a distinctive non-governmental national characteristics, and the world at large on the domestic ceramics have had a far-reaching implications.

它以施用化妆土为基本特征，创造了丰富的装饰技法，即有各类色釉装饰、刻划花、剔花、白地黑花、白地釉下绘划花，又有红绿彩、低温铅釉三彩和印花白瓷、印花青瓷等三十多种；尤其是铁锈花技法突破了五大官窑单色釉的局限，具有传统水墨画的艺术效果并把中国的传统绘画、书法技艺与制瓷工艺结合起来，创造了新的综合艺术，开拓了古代陶瓷美学的新境界；为以后青花和五彩瓷器的发展开辟了道路。磁州窑的装饰题材丰富多彩，别具一格，画师们以极其潇洒的手法和高妙的画技，将民间喜闻乐见的花鸟鱼虫、珍禽瑞兽、山水人物、戏曲故事、诗词曲赋、格言民谚、婴戏杂剧等绘于瓷器，保留了大量古代民间绘画、书法及反映民俗民风的实物资料，形成了质朴、洒脱、明快、豪放的艺术风格及浓郁的民间色彩和鲜明的民族特色，对国内乃至世界陶瓷产生了深远而巨大的影响。

In YongKang,there is "No.1 Mount in ZheJiang",FangYan Mount,famous for magnificence and sheerness and DanXia landform;there is WuFeng School where ZhuXi and ChenLiang gave education and speech;there is ShiGuLiao TV City,which was built by government and people and have received film crews from"Dragon Story","Great HanWu","SongCi" and 100 other films or TV series;there is ShiCheng Mountain,the culture center of Emperor Huang in Southern China;there is folk-custom culture village,where you can enjoy "nine lions picture",taste"farmhouse foods" and play"dog husking rice";there is WuZhi Rock,which is described by "if looking from far distance,five mountains extend into sky,like a person reaches cloud by hand ";there is LingShan Lake Immortal Rock,which is said "mountains is like picture screen, waterfall sound is equal to thunder";there is XiJin Bridge,the longest stone pier,wood bridge,multi-eaves gallery bridge;there is gradually hot Special industry tour of "go famous garden to look renowned enterprise,visit famous city to buy hardware".

永康有以雄奇峻险、丹霞地貌著称的&浙东第一山&方岩山；有朱熹、陈亮曾讲学论理的五峰书院；有与民资共同开发已成功接待《天龙八部》、《汉武大帝》、《大宋提刑官》等100多部影视剧拍摄的石鼓寮影视城；有南中国黄帝文化中心石城山；有看&九狮图&、尝&农家饭&、玩&家狗舂米&的九狮沟民俗文化村；有&远望五峰插天，若人伸手探云&的五指岩；有&峰峦如画屏，瀑声赛雷鸣&的灵山湖仙岩，有全国最长的石墩木梁重檐廊桥西津桥；有日趋火曝的&到名园看名企、逛名城购五金&的特色工业游。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。