民俗的

Taro New Year, rice growing agriculture vs. dry farming agriculture. In this theory, they are of equal value. Tuboi Hirofumi revised the monism theory of rice-growing of Yanagita Kunio, developed Japanese study from monism to pluralism, and provided a new methodology to Japanese folklore study.

坪井的研究修正了柳田的稻作文化一元说，把对日本文化的研究由一元论发展为多元论，为日本民俗学提示了新的方法论体系。70年代末80年代初坪井的一系列研究著述，对日本民俗学界产生了深远的影响，带动了之后旱作研究的高涨、以及从地域类型论展开的日本东西/南北的多元文化论研究，推动了日本民族基础文化的研究。

Knowledge popularization about Traditional Chinese Medicine closely relates to Life Etiquette and Custom activities,it divides into two parts:on one hand, plentiful culture knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine becomes implications of Life Etiquette and Custom; on the other hand, culture knowledge, itself, its development and inheritage is in the form of Life Etiquette and Custom.

因此，本文拟通过对福建人生礼俗中的中医药文化内涵的挖掘、整理和研究，充分展示福建人生礼俗与中医药文化有着水乳交融的联系，探讨人生礼俗因中医药文化的融合而使之在发展的进程中具有强大的生命力，以及这些民俗文化中的中医药文化对于我们今天构建和谐社会文化具有重要的价值。

The researcher finds that the use of ethno plants of the ancestors is amazingly wise, and it also respects the harmony of nature. The masculine plants with large number and fast growing are mostly used, such as Miscanthus and .Macaranga. used as firewood. As to the plants growing more slowly, ancestors cherished them and used them effectively and appropriately according to their characteristics.

民俗植物调查的结果发现先民对植物的利用是很有智慧的，也十分能尊重自然的协调，对於族群大、生长快的阳性植物常使用得最多，例如五节芒、野桐、白匏子等大量使用於薪材；对於生长慢数量少的植物，则珍惜资源有效使用，充分了解依据植物生长的特性，做适时适当的运用。

In Chapter Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the author examines almanacs, divine slips, juju, wishful messages and so forth, which played important roles in rural socio-cultural networks. This inquiry aims to show how the social memory of fengshui knowledge and ideas became possible, that is, how fengshui knowledge and ideas turned into popular belief and entered peasant life world by way of some correlative religious or mediumistic rituals.

第三-四章：从构成近世以来的乡土社会文化网络之环的通书、灵签、安镇符咒、竖造及丧葬仪式、乩示文本等入手，细部地探寻普遍意义上的风水知识、观念的乡土社会记忆是何以可能的，即分析风水知识、观念如何借助相关的巫术-宗教仪式，逐步&深耕化&为一种民俗信仰，从而成为民众&生活世界&的一部分。

The sweeping temples become the center of the folk entertainment and theatrics because folk society hankers for the entertainment universally. The collective life experience of taking part in the folk dramas together forms a carnival culture of folk dramas approximately. Then the spirit manifests the optimistic spirit of life and a carnival world view of seeking freedom and equality.

起源于宗教祭祀活动的中国民间戏剧因为托庇于节日民俗活动而保持了旺盛的生命力，民间对娱乐的普遍追求使得规模盛大的庙会成为民间娱乐和戏剧演出的中心，万众共同参与民间戏剧的集体生命体验形成了近乎狂欢的民间戏剧文化，其戏剧精神则表现为一种乐观的生命精神和追求自由、平等的狂欢化世界观。

Rice-growing culture is a culture which formed in a society of growing rice, that is to say, an integration of social activity and cultural life which were based on rice-growing .The culture not included only the techniques and its spread of rice-up growth-and-evolution, but various intellectual norms of civilian life style, religious custom, convenance, as well as cultural mentality, society and aesthetic ideal and so on, which people who grew rice have possessed.

所谓稻作文化即稻作农耕社会形成的文化，亦即因从事稻作生产而产生出来的有关社会生活的、精神生活的综合，它不仅包括有关水稻主体的产生、发展及稻作生产技术传播等一系列问题，而且还包括由稻作生产影响所及的民间生活方式、宗教民俗、礼仪，以及稻作民族特有的文化心态、社会道德、审美理想等诸多精神准则。

Our country is a multi-ethnic country , the different nation folk custom culture having self , characteristic product having self , has self the characteristic clothes and ornaments , the characteristic religion to offer sacrifices to , recreations such as song and dance , music having self characteristic , there is no little nationality still having self spirits culture.

我国是一个多民族的国家，不同的民族有自己的民俗文化，有自己的特色产品，有自己特色的服饰，特色的宗教祭祀，有自己特色的歌舞、音乐等娱乐活动，有不少的民族还有自己的酒文化。

From the viewpoint of both geographical cultural feature and the category of music,the article searches for the characteristics of music in west Asia and North Africa,in which the music in Afghanistan,Arabian countries and countries in central Asia are all involved.It also discusses the common features of the music in West Asia and North Africa from the angle of religious music,folk music and classic music: namely,the use of microtones and the character fit for singing under certain conditions;the textural ...

从地域的文化特点和音乐的种类上探寻西亚和北非的音乐特点，其中涉及了以阿富汗、伊朗、土耳其、阿拉伯各国和中亚各国的音乐，并从宗教音乐、民俗音乐和古典音乐等几个方面阐述了西亚和北非音乐的共同性：具有微分音的运用和乐音有条件的带腔性；玛卡姆和达斯特加赫的旋律体系；均分律动与非均分律动同时存在；织体思维方式以横向性为主以及乐器的运用等。

Ming Dynasty Great Wall in the West from the starting point - 25 kilometers northeast of Jiayuguan where there is a treasure known as the "Great Desert Palace's underground art", where the distribution of more than 1,700 ancient tombs of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, by simple vivid, live callcu kuang realism murals for people reproduced the Wei and Jin Dynasties in Hexi region's political, economic, cultural and folk life.

在距离明代万里长城的西起点——嘉峪关东北25公里的地方，有一处宝地被人们称为&大戈壁里的地下艺术宫&，这里分布的1700多座魏晋时期的古墓葬中，以简洁生动、粗旷活拨的现实主义壁画，为人们再现了魏晋时期河西地区的政治、经济、文化和民俗生活。

Being a productive writer whose literary career lasted for nearly thirty years, Hurston is the author of four novels– Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939) and Seraph on the Suwanee (1948)– and over fifty literary pieces of other genres such as short story, play and essay.

正如作为民俗学家的赫斯顿把文学的叙事策略移植于自己的民俗学著作中一样，作为文学家的赫斯顿同样把民俗学的元素揉进了自己的文学创作之中，因而形成了别具一格的民俗文学风格。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。