民俗学

These thoughts showed striking differences from traditional folklore study in research subject and methodology, therefore arousing great interest in experts and scholars.In 1975 on the occasion of the hundredth publication of an academic journal Japanese Folklore, the Folklore Society of Japan decided to publish a trend special biyearly, aiming at keep track of study trend periodically, summarizing research results, guiding the development of folklore study and offer suggestions on study trend.

它们在研究对象和方法论构成上都与以往的民俗学研究表现出显著的差异，从而引发了学者们的极大关注。1975年以学会期刊《日本民俗学》发行第100期为契机，日本民俗学会推出了每两年一次的研究动向专刊，旨在定期地把握研究动向，总结研究成果，指导民俗学的发展，对研究方向提出前瞻性建议。

In 1998, Shandong University became one of the first universities which obtained the master's degree conferral right for folklore. In 2002, Shandong University obtained the doctor's degree conferral right for Chinese folk literature. The doctoral program has three research directions: folk literature, the history of Chinese folk literature, folklore and folk narrative.

1998年山东大学成为我国首批民俗学硕士学位授予权单位，该硕士点下设理论民俗学、中国民俗史、比较民俗学和区域民俗研究 4 个研究方向。2002年山东大学获得中国民间文学博士学位授予权，该博士点下设民间文学、中国民间文学史、民俗与民间叙事研究 3 个研究方向。

Gao Bingzhong, an folklorist in China, is the first person leading the "Living World" into Folklore and defining it as the field of Folklore. With folklorists having not enough understanding of this academic concept, the attention of it has just stayed in the level of the philosophy, lacking of the feasibility study in the operational level.

我国民俗学者高丙中首次把"生活世界"引入民俗学，并把它界定为民俗学的研究领域，然而，由于民俗学界对这个概念的意义认识还不够深入，对其关注仅仅停留于哲学上的探究，缺乏操作层面上的可行性研究。

My mother's father was a landscape painter trained at the Moscow Academy, while my father's parents were both literary intellectuals -- his mother a folklorist, philologist, and teacher, and his father the author of many books of psychology, sociology, and folklore studies.

我外祖父是一名风景画家，曾就读莫斯科学院。我父亲的双亲同为文化学者。祖母研究民俗学，还是语文学家和教师。祖父著述颇丰，涉足心理学、社会学和民俗学诸领域。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

His "taro culture" greatly promoted the study in the middle and latter 20~ century in the aspects of providing viewpoint and research attitude and was a latent force in the development of Japanese hot fields in recent 30 years. Therefore Tuboi Hirofumi is not a failure in the study after the 1970s. His idea influenced the development of folklore study in the past three decades, and the study in the hot fields of urban folklore, environment folklore and triple element system justify the existence of the main thread.

因此从这个角度可以说，在70年代以后的研究中坪井洋文不再是一个败北者的存在，他发出的声音极大影响了近30年日本民俗学的学科发展轨迹，而城市民俗学、环境民俗学、三态理论之热点领域的研究也印证了这条主线的存在。

Part II: the writer makes an intensive research on video film shooting documentary in visual folklore, points out the function of video film shooting g documentary in the folklore fieldwork, summarize the basic principals and points for attention in the video film snooting, and elaborates professional morality of TV camera man.

第二章中，笔者对民俗学影视记录方法的基本理论问题进行了较为细致的研究，明确了影视记录手段在民俗学田野调查中的功用，总结了拍摄的基本原则和诸多注意事项，并对拍摄者所应具有的职业道德做了具体的阐述。

Being a productive writer whose literary career lasted for nearly thirty years, Hurston is the author of four novels– Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939) and Seraph on the Suwanee (1948)– and over fifty literary pieces of other genres such as short story, play and essay.

正如作为民俗学家的赫斯顿把文学的叙事策略移植于自己的民俗学著作中一样，作为文学家的赫斯顿同样把民俗学的元素揉进了自己的文学创作之中，因而形成了别具一格的民俗文学风格。

Gao Bingzhong, an folklorist in China, is the first person leading the "Living World" into Folklore and defining it as the field of Folklore. With folklorists having not enough understanding of this academic concept, the attention of it has just stayed in the level of the philosophy, lacking of the feasibility study in the operational level.

我国民俗学者高丙中首次把&生活世界&引入民俗学，并把它界定为民俗学的研究领域，然而，由于民俗学界对这个概念的意义认识还不够深入，对其关注仅仅停留于哲学上的探究，缺乏操作层面上的可行性研究。

At the same time, with the growth of a number of young and middle-aged folklorists who were not directly and personally trained by Yanagita Kunio, Japanese academic circles of folklore developed a trend of thoughts which are different from traditional study and research. For example, new research fields with urban folklore and environment folklore as representatives, and academic debates with folklore culture pluralism and "ke, kegare and hare" as representatives.

同时，伴随着战后一批没有接受过柳田个人直接指导的中青年民俗学者的成长，日本民俗学界形成了区别于传统意义研究以外的思潮，诸如以城市民俗学、环境民俗学为代表的新的研究领域，以民俗文化多元论、&日常态·能量枯竭态·非日常态&为代表的学术争论。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。