民事诉讼

One is the unincorporated organization should be endowed with the civil entity position; another is ...

要消除二者之间的矛盾与冲突，就必须统一理论界的认识：一方面应赋予某些非法人组织以民事主体资格和诉讼主体资格；另一方面，有必要对可以成为民事主体的非法人组织的资格条件从构成要件方面加以限制。

Some cases which concern both civil laws and criminal laws are wrongly disposed by means of civil mediation in pursuit of high rate of ending case nowadays. Such problematic civil mediation papers will inevitably become the obstacles of the probably following criminal procedures.

内容提要：在追求民事案件高调解率结案的现实背景下，有部分"刑民交叉"案件被不当归类为民事案件调解结案，而该等民事调解书又往往成为后来刑事诉讼过程中一个难以回避的问题。

Exigi facias procedure is a kind of special contentious procedure with the aim of settleing fast tort, is new specified procedure in civil procedure law in 1991 in our country, is requirement that an our country the commodity economy rolls reenforce with civil dispute bulk.

督促程序是一种以快速解决民事、经济纠纷为目的的特殊诉讼程序，是我国1991年民事诉讼法新规定的程序，是我国商品经济发展和民事纠纷大量增加的需要。

In order to guarantee right judgment of the court and correct errors in time ,most countries in mordern world prescribe retrial system in their civil procedural law ,of which there are two modes-adjudicatory supervision procedureand rehearing on parties ' appealing,based on their own different steering principles and litigious logics.

从现代世界各国民事诉讼法来看，为了保证法院裁判的正确和及时纠正错误，大多数国家都规定了再审制度。基于不同的指导思想和诉讼理念，这种再审制度主要有审判监督和再审两种模式。再审程序是大陆法系国家民事、行政再审制度所普遍采用的程序模式。

Taking the important thought of "the Three Stands-for" by the General Sectary Jiang Ze-min and the working subject of "Justness and Efficiency" of the People" Courts for the 21st century for the guide, combining with the practice of the reform of civil trial system which is going on in China, the writer , by means of comparative and historical study, held that the forming of the civil trial power in our country should reflect the new "Convenient- to- Both Principle" that is going along with the era; that is, the principle of "not only convenient to take advantage of the procedure system by the party, but also convenient to exercise the trial power independently and impartially by the People" Court ."

作者以江总书记"三个代表"的重要思想为指导，以人民法院二十一世纪"公正与效率"的工作主题为指针与导向，结合我国民事审判体制改革的实践，采取比较研究和历史研究的方法，主张我国民事审判权的构筑应当体现与时俱进的新"两便原则"，即既"便于当事人利用诉讼，又便于人民法院依法独立公正地行使审判权"。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions is the scope of the civil legal relations and civil rights in which the extinctive prescriptions can be applied.

一、问题的由来诉讼时效制度的适用范围，传统民法理论上一般又称诉讼时效的客体或称对象，是指诉讼时效制度适用于哪些民事法律关系或民事权利。

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties";"the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim".

诉讼时效制度的适用范围应扩大到人身权、请求权、物权请求权等几乎所有的民事法律关系；不仅国家财产应属诉讼时效制度的限制，仲裁时效亦应属于诉讼时效的范畴。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

First, the worker's compensation law preempts tort law, meaning that an employee is legally barred from using tort law to sue his employer for injuries caused at work. Second, worker's compensation awards are usually smaller than tort awards.

第一，工人赔偿法优先于民事侵权法，也就是说一个雇员若是受了工伤，法律就会禁止他通过民事侵权法对老板提起诉讼；第二，工人赔偿法的赔付金额通常比民事侵权法所赔的要少。

First, theworkers compensation law preempts tort law, meaning thatanemployee is legally barred from using tort law to sue hisemployerfor injuries caused at work. Second, workers compensationawardsare usually smaller than tort awards.

第一，工人赔偿法优先于民事侵权法，也就是说一个雇员若是受了工伤，法律就会禁止他通过民事侵权法对老板提起诉讼；第二，工人赔偿法的赔付金额通常比民事侵权法所赔的要少。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。