民事诉讼

Since this action involves the cross between criminal case and civil case, it causes the conflict between the prosecution right of the state and right of civil action and a lot more problems therefore arising.

刑事附带民事诉讼是指在刑事诉讼过程中，人民法院在解决被告人刑事责任的同时，附带解决由被害人及其他权利人、检察机关提起的，要求被告人或其他负有民事赔偿义务的人对其犯罪行为所造成的损害进行赔偿而进行的诉讼活动。

In America, claim joinder arises out of the rules governing joinder of claims in common law and equity law, and develops to the present Federation Rules of Civil Procedure through the times of common law and Field code.

美国民事诉讼请求合并起源于普通法和衡平法中的合并规则，经过普通法时代、菲尔德法典时代，发展到现行《联邦民事诉讼规则》中的诉讼合并制度。

On the base of the right of subrogation in marine insurance, this paper will do the research from the point of view of action;on the base of existing stipulations and legal theories of the action of subrogation in marine insurance, maritime action and civil action, this paper will consult the foreign correlative theories;not only from the point of view of the legal theories, but also by consulting the cases and usual ways in judicature of our country, this paper will make the research more practical;this paper will also do the research by induction, organon and interests-comparing, etc.

本文将在海上保险代位求偿权制度的基础上，从诉讼角度展开较为系统的研究；在我国现有的海上保险代位求偿诉讼、海事诉讼以及民事诉讼的法律规定和法律理论的基础上，参考国外相关的法律理论，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行较为系统的研究；不仅从理论的角度，还要参考我国司法实践中的相关案例和通常做法，使得对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题的研究更贴近实务，更具有实际操作性；运用归纳、推理的逻辑方法，采用利益比较等具体方法，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行了较为全面的研究。

The study of the civil res judicate question appears in the present Chinese legal science domain particularly strikingly. As the civil action theorys important constituent, the theory itself needs perfecting, but the voice of reform on the retrial system in civil action makes this system on the rise.

作为民事诉讼理论的重要组成部分，民事既判力理论完善本身的研究是其一，而关于民事诉讼中再审制度的改革呼声，应该是引起这一制度研究方兴未艾的最直接动力。

Meanwhile this study will be helpful to the reform of our country's litigation scheme and concrete litigating system, the theoretical preparation for deepening the reform of civil trial form and the fulfillment of the value of civil procedure.

同时，研究当事人收集证据权利的程序保障，有助于我国诉讼体制及具体诉讼制度的改革，有助于为民事审判方式改革的深化作理论上的准备，有助于民事诉讼程序价值的实现。

The in-court pronouncing judgment, in accordance with pronouncing the judgment on a fixed day, is an important system adopted in the modern civil actions. It refers to an action that after the close of court debate, the chief judge of a collegial panel or the single judge declares the final sentence to legally open or not open civil cases through recessing the court to collegial discussion or making conclusions independently by the single judge.

当庭宣判作为现代民事诉讼中的一项重要制度，与定期宣判相对应，是指人民法院对经依法公开或不公开审理的民事案件，在法庭辩论终结后，经休庭合议或者由独任法官独立做出判决结论，由合议庭审判长或者独任法官当场向到庭参加开庭的当事人、其他诉讼参与人以及旁听人员公开宣告案件裁判结果的诉讼活动。

Four aspects as parties withdrawal of admission, People s Courts investigating and collecting evidences under authorization, applying reappraisal, attestors bearing witness at bar are expounde.

随着民事审判方式改革的深入和我国加入WTO ，完善民事诉讼证据立法是健全民事诉讼制度的迫切需要。

Lawsuit reconciliation has following characters: firstly, the connotation of lawsuit reconciliation is different from extra-litigation conciliation, court mediation and civil execution reconciliation; secondly, the procedure and result of lawsuit reconciliation is formatted by the rules as well as the consensus.

诉讼和解的制度概貌包括如下几点：其一，在内涵上诉讼和解不同于相邻的诉讼外和解、法院调解以及执行和解；其二，在制度形态上诉讼和解不但强调合意的纯化，其过程和结果还受合意和规范的二元规制，如何评价诉讼和解的功能则存在多样化基准；其三，诉讼和解制度植根于民事诉讼的基本原则，又推动了诉讼原则的更新。

Thus, in use for reference of other countries'successfullegislative experience of procedure and combining our country current legalenvironment, It is absolutely necessary to establish our evidence exchange system. Although the "Some Provision of the Supreme People's Court on Evidence inCivil Procedures"(hereafter as "Evidence Rules") Dec.

2001年12月21日颁布的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》，对我国民事审前证据交换作出了一些具体层面上的规定，改善了我国民事审判中有关问题长期无章可循的状况，在一定程度上提高了诉讼效率。

Reformulates our country civil retrial system, we may do following several aspects:We should overcome the absolute wrong tendencies guiding ideology which is" right wrongs by seeking truth from facts," Reaffirm civil purposes, ensure the exercise of the right of the parties, establish and maintain effective balance between correcting mistakes judgment and stability、 authority, achieve the balance of relief to flaw judgment and res judicata, coordinate social justice and order, which should be new guiding ideas of civil retrial system.

重构我国的民事审制度，可以从以下几个方面入手：我们应当克服将&实事求是、有错必纠&指导思想绝对化的错误倾向，将&重新确认民事诉讼目的，确保当事人诉讼权利的行使，树立兼顾纠正错误裁判与保持生效裁判稳定性、权威性，以实现判决既判力与判决瑕疵之救济的平衡，使社会正义与秩序相协调&确定为民事再审程序的新的指导思想。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。