民事诉讼

As an indispensable part of civil proceedings, the appellate procedure play an important role of civil proceedings.

民事上诉制度是一项基本诉讼制度，其在整个民事诉讼制度中占有相当重要的位置，可谓是民事程序法的核心之一。

Article 108 of the Civil Procedure Law prescribes the fundamental elements of any cognizable civil case, which are that:(1) the plaintiff must be a citizen, legal person, or other entity that has an interest in the case;(2) the defendant must be identified specifically;(3) the claims, facts, and arguments must be specific; and (4) the case must be a civil case within the scope of the jurisdiction of the courts generally, and within the jurisdiction of the specific court in which the lawsuit is filed.

民事诉讼法第108条规定了可审理的民事案件的基本原则，它们是：（1）原告是与本案有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织；（2）有明确的被告；（3）有具体的诉讼请求和事实、理由；（4）属于人民法院受理民事诉讼的范围和受诉人民法院管辖。

In the interest of obtaining juridical redress when infractions occur, and for the sake of adapting the development of socialistic market economy, in the domain of legislation and to be established in the situation of China, a suit of system of civil action and the procuratorial organs' instating common pleas is to be set up to endue the procuratorial organs' with finite civil instating authority, which on one hand answers the demands of consummating jural supervising system, and in the other hand the exigent require of keep irregularity within limit.

为了使公共利益受到侵害时获得司法救济，适应我国社会主义市场经济的发展，必须立足于我国的国情，从立法上建立一套我国的民事诉讼制度。建立我国检察机关提起民事诉讼的制度，赋予检察机关一定范围内的民事起诉权，这既是完善法律监督制度的需要，也是遏制现实生活中针对国家和社会公共利益的民事违法行为的迫切要求。

Civil rehear lawsuit serves as last line of defence that settles civil dispute, its function and action are shown with each passing day more, had made the main component with civil indispensable suit.

民事再审诉讼作为解决民事纠纷的最后一道防线，其功能和功能更是日渐显现，已经成为民事诉讼不可或缺的重要组成部分。

After the court making the decision and the judgment going into effect, the procuratorate have right to raise counterappeal, which is accordance with the rule of " correcting once having misjudge case" and coordinating to the propose of seeking truth and just of China's civil case and theory.

这种随时提起抗诉的方式与我国诉讼理论的&有错必纠&原则相吻合，与我国民事诉讼追求客观真实和公正的目的相一致。但是，检察院随时提起抗诉会导致重复诉讼程序，拖延了诉讼时间，浪费诉讼资源，并有损法院判决的权威性和民事关系的稳定性。

The civil accusation mode in our country is changing from pure authority-orientedness into litigant-orientedness, and judge's elucidatory authority is still in the process of perfecting, therefore, to establish judge's elucidatory authority is of great importance to the civil trial style being reformed as well as to the civil accusation mode in transition now.

我国民事诉讼模式正从单纯的职权主义向当事人主义过渡，但释明权制度的构建在我国仍处于不完善的状态，因此，无论是对于正在进行的民事审判方式改革，还是对于处于转型中的我国民事诉讼模式来讲，确立法官释明权制度都显得尤为重要。

The third part analyses the existing problems of the military judisfication on civil suits on perspective of legislation、judication and the present unfriendly conditions of the Army.

由于中国军事法院管辖民事案件，在中国还是试行阶段，加之民事诉讼法本身的缺陷，中国军事法院民事诉讼管辖难免出现问题，第三章主要从立法、司法和军队客观现实的限制来论述了军事法院民事诉讼管辖的问题。

In thefirst place,the author eriticizes the confusion of conflicts of actions incivil procedural law textbooks in our country.On the basis ofreference to the viewpoint in face in civil law countries,and based onsubstantive law theory concerning object of action,the author gives adetailed and deepened analysis of the possible theoretical andprocedural questions of objective conflict of civil actions.Then theauthor studies the definitions,conditions,procedures and the processof court decision-making about the alteration of theobject of action,and tries to construct a whole set of theoretical system concerningobjective conflicts of action and alteration of the object of action.

首先，本文批判了我国民事诉讼法教材中关于诉的合并概念的混乱现象，在借鉴世界大陆法系通行的理论观点的前提下，以诉讼标的理论实体法学说为基础，分析了客观的诉的合并的条件、种类，论述了客观诉的合并的审查与裁判的过程，对民事诉讼中客观的诉的合并可能涉及的诸多理论和程序问题进行了深入细致的分析；在此基础之上，进一步对诉讼标的的变更的含义、条件以及诉讼标的变更的程序和法院的裁判过程进行了研究，力图建立一套完整的客观的诉的合并和诉讼标的的变更理论体系。

The third part introduces the history of development of our securities civil lawsuit system. Then, taking misrepresentation as an example, this thesis analyses the actualities of our securities civil lawsuit system, which includes compensate methods, statute of limitation, jurisdiction, causal relationship, lawsuit methods and so on.

文章的第三部分，在介绍了我国证券民事诉讼制度的发展历程后，以虚假陈述为例，分析了我国证券民事诉讼制度的现状，包括赔偿方法、诉讼时效、管辖、因果关系以及诉讼方式等方面的内容。

The civil procedural reform, which begins from 1980s of last century, has been carrying out for more than twenty years. The clients' freedom has more and more obtained the respect in the civil procedure and their common meanings have gradually entered the civil procedure. The tendency of the contractual civil procedure appears day by day.

从上个世纪八十年代开始进行的民事司法改革以来，当事人的自由意志在民事诉讼中越来越得到尊重，当事人之间的合意逐渐融入民事诉讼中，民事诉讼法发展的契约化趋势日益显现出来。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。