民主政治

In the concluding remark,beginning with the analysis of the positive and negativeeffect of the party politics in western Europe,the author concludes that the essenceof the European Democratic Socialism and its models is that the Social Democratsstruggle for their political domination according to the pragmatic principle.

结语部分从分析西欧多党政治的正负效应入手，剖析了欧洲民主社会主义及其诸模式的精神实质乃是社会民主党人出于实用主义的考虑，根据各自的国情特点，为自己争取政治统治权的一种特定方式，其根本的存在意义在于充当了一定阶层的公民同政府之间的媒介，缓解和调节社会矛盾，为工人阶级及其它中下层群众参与国家政治生活提供合法渠道，部分地实现公平和正义的社会目标。

The thesis investigates the model of Russian political transition from a perspective of delegative democracy through analyzing the formation of delegative democracy,its reason and development,the author explores political transition theory and the develop of its research perspective.

本文试以&委任民主&作为研究俄罗斯政治转型的切入点，通过对俄罗斯政治转型模式的结果、原因及发展的分析，探讨政治转型理论及其研究视角的发展与变革。

There is no socialist modernization without democracy.This is because the people's democracy is indispensable for the socialist modernization drive.Only by developing socialist democracy can we fully motivate people's initiative of building socialism,correctly summarize experience to make up policies conforming to the objective economic law,develop scientific technology and expand scientific and technological rank,consolidate and develop the stable and solidary political siluation and carry out the genuinel...

没有民主就没有社会主义的现代化，这是因为人民民主对于社会主义现代化建设是须臾不可缺少的，只有发扬社会主义民主，才能充分调动人民群众建设社会主义的积极性，才能正确地总结经验教训，制定出符合客观经济规律的方针政策，才能有利于科学技术的发展和科技队伍的壮大，才能巩固和发展安定团结的政治局面，才能在社会主义经济建设中实行真正有效的集中统一领导。

University ideology and politics educational practice idea on " people first ", must pay close attention to thought characteristic of university student, lead and meet psychology of university students' needs as the starting point; Pay attention to individual character develop, train initiative spirit, mould subject personality, promote personality perfect as goal of ideological and political education; Hold the entity, level and ideological and political education principle respected; Press close to reality on the educational content, reflect the characteristic of the time; Inculcates and dredges to unify on the method, the emotion is unified with arguing, teach by precept and teach others by his own example to unify ; Establish the teacher-student relationship with equal democracy on the subject ; Improve educator's quality through strengthening subject consciousness , strengthening subject quality at the same time , set up the ideological and political education team of the expert type.

高校思想政治教育实践&以人为本&的理念，必须把关注大学生的思想特征，引导和满足大学生的心理需要作为出发点；把注重个性发展、培养创新精神，塑造主体人格、促进人格完善作为思想政治教育的目标；把握主体性、层次性和尊重的思想政治教育原则；在教育内容上贴近实际，体现时代特征；在方法上实行灌输与疏导相统一，感情与说理相统一，言教与身教相统一；在主体上建立民主平等的师生关系；同时要通过强化主体意识、强化主体素质来提高教育者自身素质，建立专家型的思想政治教育队伍。

Beyond a free and fair elections process, democracies must have representative, accountable, transparent institutions of government, including political parties based on ideas, not just personalities or tribal or ethnic identification, and independent legislatures and judiciaries that can act to ensure that leaders who win elections democratically govern democratically once they are in office.

除了自由和公正的选举程序，民主社会必须建立具有代表性、承担责任、公开透明的政治体系，包括以理念为基础的政党（而不是以个人、部族或种族认同为基础）、独立的立法和司法制度，可以确保民主赢得选举的领导人，一旦上台之后可以民主地进行治理。

He actively propagandized the ideas of democracy and enlightenment, including the theory of human rights, view of the federation and the state and the party government and so on.

提倡民主自由，要求社会平等，呼唤独立人格，试图唤起国民的民主意识和参政意识，为民主共和政治目标的实现奠定基础。

The reality reasons that make the politic subjectivity decline are as such: the fall-down of economy, confinement of politics regimentation, the barrier of moral culture mentality .

为了唤醒政治主体性，必须建构合理政治主体性；完善民主制度并使其伦理化；建设开放的政治文化；促进哲学、政治学、伦理学的融合。

It also includes other explosive geopolitical areas as the Crimean Tartars, the Greek Minority in Romania, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the Democratic Movement of Burma, and the gulf enclave adjacent to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and which just happens to hold rights to some of the world's largest offshore oil fields leased to Condi Rice's old firm, Chevron Oil.

此外，该组织还吸纳了包括克里米亚鞑靼、罗马境内的希腊人、车臣、缅甸民主运动、安哥拉的海湾地区和刚果民主共和国这些地缘政治的热点区域为其成员。刚果民主共和国拥有世界上最大的临岸油田的所有权，这些油田已经转租给康迪·赖斯曾就职的雪佛兰石油公司。

Political participation ; political harmony ; ruly by law ; political democracy

政治参与；政治稳定；法治社会；政治民主

Deliberative democracy is, on the basis of reflecting competitive democratic theory, regives citizens the enthusiasm to participate in public affairs. It reckons that citizens political participation should not be restricted to periodic vote or aperiodic activities such as demonstrations. Citizens should, under the premise of open and transparent information and according to certain procedures, freely and equally carry out in full the discussion on the public policies that affect them, and through the legalization of decision by public deliberation, the quality of democratic governance is enhanced.

协商民主就是在反省竞争性民主理论的基础上，重新赋予公民参与公共事务的积极性，认为公民的政治参与不应该局限于定期的投票和不定期的游行示威等活动方式，公民应该在信息公开透明的条件下，依据一定的程序，自由而平等地对影响到自己的公共政策进行公开且充分的讨论，通过公共协商赋予决策的合法性，从而提升民主治理的品质。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。