毛缘

Petiole sturdy, short, less than ca. 1 cm; leaf blade thickly leathery or leathery, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 10-11.5 × 3(-4.5) cm, base cuneate or attenuate, adaxially ± farinose, margin long and sharply ciliate, apex acute or acuminate; lateral veins invisible, or sometimes in ca. 10 pairs, slightly curving forward, netting and disappearing before reaching margin.

粗壮的叶柄，短，少于约1厘米；叶片厚革质或革质，椭圆形的或长圆状椭圆形， 10-11.5 * 3(-4.5)厘米，基部楔形或渐狭，正面多少被粉，边缘长和锐具缘毛，先端锐尖或渐尖；侧脉看不见，或有时约10对，稍向前弄弯的，在到达边缘前网状和消失。

Style filiform; stigma usually funnelform, small, ciliate.

花柱丝状柱头通常漏斗状，小，具缘毛。

Has also been considered during the revision.More than 1,100 specimens from 11 herbaria worldwide have been examined. After having studied the characteristics, phenology and ecological habit, we have gotten the morphological figures of each species. The characteristics of the disputed species have been studied in detail and have been quantitatively analyzed though scatter-map.

查阅和借阅了2个国家11个标本馆1100余份南五味子属标本，对世界范围的南五味子属种类作了整理，描绘了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性，绘出了形态线描图，讨论了与其近缘属种间的关系；对在分类学上有争议的种类进一步进行解剖和测量，详细记录枝、叶、花、果实、种子等的形状、大小、数目、颜色、毛被等数据或信息，绘制散点图，对各种性状作定量研究，进行分析、归纳与分类。

Branchlets and petioles spreading hirtellous; leaf margin dentate.

小枝和叶柄开展具微糙硬毛；叶缘具牙齿。 1 M 。 puya 水丝麻

Leaf blade 2–3-pinnate; bracteoles entire fruit hispid.

叶片2-3回羽状；小苞片全缘水果具糙硬毛的。

Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, ovoid, or ellipsoid, terete or slightly latiseptate, subsessile or long stipitate; valves veinless, glabrous or sparsely papillate, smooth or slightly torulose; replum slightly flattened; septum absent; style to 4 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

果开裂长角果或短角果，线形，长圆形，卵球形，或椭圆形，具宽隔膜的或稍，近无柄或更长；裂爿无脉，无毛或疏生，平滑或有点；假隔膜稍扁平；隔膜无；花柱到4毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, latiseptate, sessile or shortly stipitate; valves papery, with a distinct midvein, sparsely pubescent basally when young, torulose; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent, veinless; style to 1 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

果开裂长角果，线形，，无柄或具短柄；纸质的裂爿，具一离生中脉，疏生短柔毛幼时基部，近念珠状；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完成，膜质，半透明，无脉；花柱到1毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

Leaves opposite , very rarely stipulate, petiolate, entire, leathery to papery, usually glabrous; secondary veins usually prominent, numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals and abaxial linear or intervenous translucent glands; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage.

叶对生 ，极少具托叶，具叶柄，全缘，革质到纸质，通常无毛；次脉通常突出，许多对很少，偏斜到与中脉垂直；第三脉网状，具正面带褐色的transvenous树脂道并且背面线形或脉间的半透明的腺体；叶柄通常具基生舌状的附属物。

The shape of the macronucleus in different species also indicate high diversity,which can not simply summarized as "C"or"J"-shaped. The macronuclear altitudina circumvolution in the cell is ubiquitous in the species of peritrichous ciliates.

大核的形态也存在着多样性，不能简单用&C&或&J&字型来概括；大幅度沿细胞内盘绕的大核在缘毛类纤毛原生动物的种类中也普遍存在。

Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces, secondary veins 2 or 3(or 4) on each side of midvein, margin entire.

叶对生，具叶柄；叶片两面被短柔毛，次脉在中脉两边各2或者3(或者4)，边缘全缘。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。