毛细血管镜

Abstract］ objective to study the pathological features and histopathological type and differential diagnosis of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.methods the clinicopathological characteristics of 40 cases of fnh were studied.all were evaluted by use of paraffin embedded sections and he staining before light microcope observation.results there were 28 females and 12 males fnh patients whose age were from 16 to 62 years（median 41.3）,all alpha-fetoprotein was negative and had no hepatitis history.25 cases were classic type showed characteristic central stellate fibrotic scar,composed of fibrous connestive tissue and tortuous blood vessels.8 cases were telangiectic type,the left were mixed type and adenomatoid type.conclusion fnh is a reactive proliferation of hepatic cells to local blood vessel anomalies,it is not realy a tumor.its differential diagnosis includes hepatic adenomatous hyperplasia nodule,hepatic anaplasia nodular hyperplasia,fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma.

目的 探讨肝局灶性结节性增生的病理形态特点、组织分型及鉴别诊断。方法分析40例肝局灶性结节性增生的临床资料，并采用石蜡包埋he染色光镜下观察其组织学特点。结果 40例肝局灶性结节性增生患者中，女28例，男12例，年龄18~62岁，平均年龄41.3岁，所有病例术前均无肝炎病史，甲胎蛋白阴性，组织学上25例为经典型，有特征性的中央纤维瘢痕，由纤维结缔组织及扭曲血管组成。8例为毛细血管扩张型，其余为混合型及腺瘤样增生型。结论肝结节性增生是一种肝细胞对局部血管的异常反应性增生，并非真性肿瘤，主要与肝腺瘤样增生性结节、肝间变性结节状增生、肝纤维板层癌及肝细胞腺瘤鉴别。

The superficial microvascular networks were sparser, while the subpleural microvascular networks were denser. The superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional, and the anastomosing between the superficial blood vessels with the subpleural vessels. According to the branching sequence of the subpleural arteriole, it could be divided into the arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn. The subpleural capillary networks were mainly web-like, while small holes were also found on the cast. The honeycomb vascular networks were various in size and form at a low magnification. The outline of alveolus, alveolar sac, alveolar duct and respiratory bronchiole and terminal bronchiole, made of microvascular networks, could be found in the cut surface.

胸膜面浅层的微血管网稀疏，深层的胸膜下微血管网致密；胸膜面浅层的微血管与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行，与胸膜下微血管之间形成吻合连接；根据胸膜下微动脉连续分支的顺序，常可将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管四级；胸膜下毛细血管网主要以网络状的形式存在，但在铸型上均可见数量不等的"小孔状"结构；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构，可以见到由微血管网构成了肺泡、肺泡囊、肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管以及终末细支气管等结构的轮廓。

The anastomosing occurred between the pleural superficial and the subpleural vascular networks on the capillary level or the precapillary level. The honeycomb vascular networks were also various in size and form at a low magnification. The venule connected with the pulmonary capillary networks directly at a high magnification. The single capillary networks were found in the alveolar septa. The longitudinal crests and dense round imprints of endothelial nuclei and the clear circular constrictions were found on the surface of the larger vessel in the lung parenchyma. The round imprints of endothelial nuclei also occurred on the subpleural venule and capillary.

胸膜面浅层的微血管与胸膜下微血管之间形成毛细血管水平或毛细血管前水平的吻合；低倍镜下肺实质内微血管网也呈现大小不等、形态各异的蜂窝状结构；高倍镜下肺泡毛细血管与微静脉之间联系紧密；在肺泡隔内毛细血管网成单层分布；肺实质内管径较大的微血管表面可以见到纵行的嵴状结构和密集的内皮细胞核的压痕，以及明显的环形缩窄；胸膜下微静脉和毛细血管表面可见圆形内皮细胞核的压痕。

Methods The distribution and morphology feature of postcapillary venule were observed in different stage human dermal cancer tissues(12 cases) using light and electron microscopy.

用光镜、电镜观察了 12例人皮肤癌不同病程癌组织中毛细血管后微静脉的分布和形态特点。

The honeycomb vascular networks were various in size and form at a low magnification. The venule connected with the pulmonary capillary networks directly. In some fields of view, the pulmonary alveolar networks were plate-like and sieve-like.

低倍镜下肺实质内的微血管网呈现大小不等的蜂窝状，肺实质内微静脉与肺泡毛细血管之间联系紧密；在局部区域，肺泡毛细血管网可呈现板块状或筛网状。

Methods The dermatic microcirculation was studied on4sites(forehead,left crow's feet,left flexure of forearm,left back of hand)in50female volunteers with photo-type II～III,aged20～74years old by means of videocapillaroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry.

方法采用活体电视毛细血管镜(IntravitalVideo-capillaroscopy)和激光多谱勒血流仪对50名年龄在20～74岁，光皮肤类型为II～III型白人女性志愿者的前额、眼角、前臂内侧和手背血管作初步观察。

Such an exudative process is typical for bacterial infection.

在高倍镜下，可见肺泡腔内渗出液的主要成分是中性粒细胞，肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血，这种渗出过程是典型的细菌性肺炎。

Results: Compared with IR group , XSOL could significantly decrease the cerebral water content, the cerebral index, the brain vascular permeability in rats of acute incomplete brain ischemia-reperfusion (P.01,P.05). Cerebral tissue morphology showed that neuronic damage of rats subjected to acute incomplete brain ischemia-reperfusion was ameliorated following administration of XSOL (2.4, 9.6g/kg). Compared with IR group , XSOL could significantly decrease the content of MDA and NO in brain tissue(P.01,P.05)and increase SOD,GSH-px activity. The levels of cerebral Glu,Asp were cut down(P.01,P.05). Conclusion: XSOL shows protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

结果：与缺血再灌注组比较，XSOL大、小剂量组可以显著降低急性不完全性脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的脑含水量(P.01，P.05)、脑指数(P.01，P.05)、脑毛细血管通透性(P.01，P.05)；光镜下脑组织形态学显示各剂量组可不同程度的减轻急性不完全性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织的神经元受损形态；与缺血再灌注组比较，XSOL大、小剂量组可以显著降低缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中的MDA的含量(P.01，P.05)，升高SOD、GSH-Px在脑组织中的活性(P.01，P.05)；XSOL大、小剂量组可显著降低脑组织中NO的含量(P.01，P.05)，降低脑组织中Glu、Asp含量(P.01，P.05)。

The main pathomorphologic characteristics were pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumonedema.

光镜观察见肺间质毛细血管充血扩张，小动脉管腔狭窄，肺泡腔和间质明显水肿、出血，大量中性粒细胞浸润，肺泡内大量红细胞和浆液纤维渗出物。

Thirty cases (60 sides) of the hippocampus cortex in the cerebrum of human fresh copses from fetus (6 months) to children (old 6 years) were stained by AKP , and then observed and taken enlarged pictures were taken under microscope. All epillaries on these photoes were measured by vernier caliper and "ratio of volume" of the capillary were calculated by new method.

采用 30 例(60 侧)6 个月胎儿至 6 岁儿童新鲜尸体大脑，用碱性磷酸酶染色，在光镜下观察毛细血管分布，显微放大照相，自动彩扩机扩印照片，游标卡尺测量并计算海马皮质毛细血管&比容积&。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。