比较研究

It argues that the sustained anxiety and crisis mainly result from the insufficiency in the theoretical construction of the discipline and the renewed paradigms proposed by american school. it also investigates the cultural and academic milieus of the advent of the "theoretical heat" and "cultural turn" in the field, and analyses their constructive as ewll as deconstructive influences on the discipline.

针对目前美国比较文学界出现的文化研究热和跨学科研究泛化现象，本文追根溯源，考察美国比较文学学科的当代发展历程和研究范式变革，指出其开拓比较文学新研究领域的意义，及其在比较文学学科理论建设上的不足，探讨导致学科危机的内外在原因。

It argues that the sustained anxiety and crisis mainly result from the insufficiency in the theoretical construction of the discipline and the renewed paradigms proposed by AmericanSchool. It also investigates the cultural and academic milieus of the advent of the "theoretical heat" and "cultural turn" in the field, and analyses their constructive as well as deconstructive influences on the discipline.

针对目前美国比较文学界出现的文化研究热和跨学科研究泛化现象，本文追根溯源，考察美国比较文学学科的当代发展历程和研究范式变革，指出其开拓比较文学新研究领域的意义，以及其在比较文学学科理论建设上的不足，探讨导致学科危机的内外在原因。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

In this dissertation, the studies on teacher professional development in western countries were schematized and a concise description of research history was given, which would be the basis for understanding the research background and assimilating the existing research results. A new teacher development phase dividing criterion, professional self-development consciousness, was suggested and a new analyzing framework, i. e. self-renewal approach to professional development, was raised. These formulations would make for better understanding of the teacher's active role in professional development, strengthen teacher's professional self-development consciousness and advance the development. At present, great efforts is being made to increase the teachers' qualities. The self-renewal approach, as a new professional development conception, would demonstrate its significance in practice.

本文对国外教师专业发展的研究作了系统梳理，比较清晰地描述了研究轨迹，为进一步了解有关研究背景、吸收借鉴国外研究结果奠定了一定基础：提出了教师专业发展阶段划分的新标准——自我专业发展意识和教师专业发展新的分析框架——&自我更新&取向教师专业发展，这将有助于深化理解教师本人在教师专业发展的积极作用，并强化教师的自我专业发展意识，促进教师专业发展；在我国目前正大力提高教师素质的今天，&自我更新&取向教师专业发展作为一种新的专业发展理念，也有着重要的现实意义。

Since 2000, the project I had/have been responsible for include:Health Effects of Fine/Ultrafine particles in ambient air of Beijing founded by Natural Science Foundation China and also cooperated with GSF, Germany; Energy Selection and Health Benefits in Beijing and China funded by IES program of USEPA, Study of Environmental Cost Model in China funded by USEPA, Risk Assessment for health Effects of Biological Indoor Air Pollutants and outdoor air pollution funded by China Ministry of Science and Technology; Health Effects of Fine Particles from the Dust Storms in China funded by NSFC and also cooperated with NIER, South Korea, etc.?

目前有在读的博士生2人、硕士生6人，MPH5人。主要研究方向为室内外空气污染对人群健康影响的定量评价及方法、环境污染健康风险评价及方法学。目前主持承担的科研项目有：国家自然科学基金重点项目&大气细颗粒和超细颗粒的环境行为。界面过程和健康效应&，国家&十一五&科技支撑计划项目&建筑室内生物污染控制与改善关键技术研究&和&环境污染的健康风险评估与管理技术研究&，欧盟课题&健康与环境网络建设&、韩国环科院合作项目《亚洲沙尘污染对儿童健康影响的比较风险研究》等

In the Chapter 4, finance bond is studied, With the comparison to the other bonds, the development course of finance bond market in our country has been briefly reviewed, the issuer and the issuing method have been concretely analyzed, and the perspective of the finance bond market in our country has been put forward.

本文从金融结构、金融体系发展变化的历史角度出发，在研究内容上比较全面、系统地分析了中国债券市场发展现状、发展中存在的问题、面临的挑战、创新的方向以及发展的目标模式，在研究的理论基础上注重运用新的理论，在研究方法上注意采用多种研究方法，在资料整理上特别是关于企业债券和金融债券方面的内容较完整、全面。

In this experiment,X-ray diffraction apparatus was used forthe first time to examine and research on microdensity,crystallinity and microfibril angle.Through research on the radial variation of bamboo microdensity,this paper points out the conceptions of bamboo hull density and bamboo pulpdensity,and this provides basis for the multiple layer utilization of bamboo.Using computer image-processing technology to carry on precise examinationvolume fraction of bundle sheath,that is key factor to reveal the relationshipbetween bamboo structure and properties.For the first time using resonantvibration means to test the dynamic elastic module,the result shows very ideal.And for the first time researched on the variability of electric conductivityproperty of bamboo.

在本次实验中，首次使用X射线衍射仪对竹材的微密度、结晶度、微纤丝角进行测定和研究，深入研究了竹材微密度的径向变异规律，首次提出竹青密度和竹肉密度的概念，为竹材的径向分层利用提供依据；首次使用微机图象处理技术对竹材的组织比量，主要是纤维束比量进行了精确测定，从而为揭示竹材结构与材性关系打下基础；首次使用共振法对竹材的动态弹性模量进行测定和研究，测量结果是比较理想的；首次研究了竹材导电性的变异。

In the research, based on the theory of the Sociology、Economics and planning and based on the systematic contrast between domestic and foreign the writer proposes the probable countermeasures for construction of the approaching low-rented dwelling's organization and construction of floating population .

在研究中，笔者以实地调查研究和资料收集研究为主要手段，以社会学、经济学、规划学相关理论为支撑，以国内外研究成果为比较，提出未来流动人口廉租住宅组织建设的可能性对策。

All of the studies in this paper, including the study of leaching behavoirs of HLW glass under repository conditions, low oxgen and multi-barrier media; the geochemical model PHREEQC used for calculating the leachate compositions and sediment phases on the glass surface; A Monte Carlo model established and used for study of leaching behavior of HLW-glass; as well as the high-temperature self-propagating synthesis used for immobilization of Sr element in perovskite synroc, are the front research works of this field in the world, and obtained some significative results in theory and practice.

本研究所作的高放废液玻璃固化体在模拟地质处置条件下（低氧条件和多种地质介质）的浸出行为研究，采用了低氧条件和多种模拟地质介质，包括北山预选厂址的花岗岩、膨润土、水泥和Fe〓O〓作为浸出介质，模拟地下水和去离子水作为浸出剂，90℃和150℃两种浸出温度；采用了地球化学模型PHREEQC（version2.7）研究玻璃固化体浸出液中主要元素的浓度以及沉积相的生成；采用蒙特卡罗法建立玻璃固化体的计算模型，对玻璃固化体的浸出行为进行研究；采用了自蔓延高温法固化锶，这些工作都是当前国际上比较前沿的研究课题，采用了先进的分析测试技术，并且作了大量计算，得出了理论上和实践上有意义的结果。

Exploration of Modern Educational Software by Qualitative Research Method;2. The premise of integrating these two methods is to de-emphasize the terms of quantitative and qualitative research and put these.

要对质的研究方法与量的研究方法进行整合，首先必须&去范式&，将研究的重点聚焦于研究问题，而非范式；其次必须将质性的资料与定量的资料放在同一个层面上进行比较。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了