比较研究

In the investigation of Cu-Zn-Al SMA, the influence of quenching speed, shape memory thermal treatment on SME, microstructure and morphologies was discussed. The changes in morphology and interfaces were in situ metallographic observed during thermal cyclings in order to control the degradation of two way shape memory effect . The stabilization of stress induced martensite variants method and the accordingly changes in microstructure were studied in detail. The mechanism was also compared between SSIM and TWME training method. From the above in situ observation results, the interface structure and especially the twin related A: B type variant pair were examined by HREM to clarify the role of movability of interfaces and the changes in variants orientation in inducing the degradation of the TWME. During developing the Ni-Ti-Hf SMA melt spinning ribbon, it was found the morphology and structure embodied the SME and was directly effected by chemical composition and technique factors, such as the different content of Hf, the speed of copper roller rotation and etc. Therefore, the morphology and structure were extensively examined.

在对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金研究中，研究了提高记忆效应的热处理淬火速度、记忆热处理方式对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金组织结构的影响；为了弄清双程记忆效应衰减的原因，原位动态观察了热循环过程中，合金组织形貌及界面的变化；因形状记忆合金必须经记忆训练才能具有双程记忆效应，系统地研究了应力诱发马氏体稳定化训练方法和这种方法引起的双程记忆合金组织结构的变化，比较了它与双程记忆效应训练方法诱发TWME机制的异同；因在原位动态观察中发现界面可动性及两侧变体取向的变化，伴随着记忆效应的衰减，用HREM详细研究了变体的界面结构，特别是A：B型变体界面结构及变体内部结构。

On the base of the right of subrogation in marine insurance, this paper will do the research from the point of view of action;on the base of existing stipulations and legal theories of the action of subrogation in marine insurance, maritime action and civil action, this paper will consult the foreign correlative theories;not only from the point of view of the legal theories, but also by consulting the cases and usual ways in judicature of our country, this paper will make the research more practical;this paper will also do the research by induction, organon and interests-comparing, etc.

本文将在海上保险代位求偿权制度的基础上，从诉讼角度展开较为系统的研究；在我国现有的海上保险代位求偿诉讼、海事诉讼以及民事诉讼的法律规定和法律理论的基础上，参考国外相关的法律理论，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行较为系统的研究；不仅从理论的角度，还要参考我国司法实践中的相关案例和通常做法，使得对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题的研究更贴近实务，更具有实际操作性；运用归纳、推理的逻辑方法，采用利益比较等具体方法，对海上保险代位求偿诉讼的法律问题进行了较为全面的研究。

Floor heating systems have been used since ancient times due to their advantages over other heating systems. Previous studies are mainly on the floor heating systems using hot water. There is insufficient study, to the author's knowledge, about floor heating systems using electric heating cords. In the thesis, the heat-transfer characteristics and comfort for the floor heating system and ceiling panel heating system using electric heating cords were investigated.

地板辐射采暖系统与其它采暖方式相比，因许多优点它已有多年的使用和发展历史，在相关研究文献中，大都采用低温热水地板辐射采暖为研究对象，相对而言，电热地板辐射采暖系统的研究文献比较欠缺，为此，本文研究了电热地板辐射采暖和顶棚辐射采暖两种形式下的传热特性和室内热舒适性。

Studying the related theory to the atical first, for example .competing theory, parallel theory , city Risorgimento theory and so on, carries out qualitative analysis on development of Cheng Hua District again , basing the qualitative analysis apply the SPSS software to analyse the way studying Cheng Hua District on quantitative analysis , to work out corresponding way to improve chenghuas competing power.

目前，有大量的文章宋阐述区域竞争力，但是往往都是以国家竞争力或者是省域的竞争力作为研究对象的，选取的指标个数多，涉及到的方面都很广，本文集中在成都市的五大主要城区进行分析研究，首先研究与本文相关的理论基础，例如竞争理论，比较理论，城市复兴理论等，再对成华区的发展进行定性的分析，再定性分析的基础上，运用SPSS软件分析研究成华区在这几个城区当中区域竞争力的综合排名，进行定量分析，以便对制定相应的区域竞争力提升办法。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

There is some about the research of approach of education of the ability of emotion regulation of junior high school students, but all this exists deficiency as follows:(1)the cognition deficiency of the concept of emotion regulation;(2) the awaiting betterment of the research means of emotion regulation;(3)the relative straitness of the research object of emotion regulation;(4) the deficiency of intervention research of emotion regulation, etc.

关于初中生情绪调节能力培养途径的研究，国内外都有一些，但仍存在如下不足：①情绪调节的概念认识不足；②情绪调节的研究方法有待改进；③情绪调节的研究对象比较狭窄；④情绪调节的干预性研究不足等。

There is some about the research of approach of education of the ability of emotion regulation of junior high school students, but all this exists deficiency as follows:①the cognition deficiency of the concept of emotion regulation;② the awaiting betterment of the research means of emotion regulation of emotion ③ the relative straitness of the research object regulation;④the deficiency of intervention research of emotion regulation, etc.

关于初中生情绪调节能力培养途径的研究，国内外都有一些，但仍存在如下不足：①情绪调节的概念认识不足；②情绪调节的研究方法有待改进；③情绪调节的研究对象比较狭窄；④情绪调节的干预性研究不足等。

The minimal energy conformations of host-guest complexes were obtained with Tripos force field. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate chiral molecular recognition and the distribution of hydrogen bonds. The energies of recognition system were calculated with MM+ force field as well.

首次将分子力学方法引入卟啉的手性分子识别领域的研究；用Tripos力场研究了主客体配合物最低能量构象，比较了同一主体与互为对映异构体的两个氨基酸甲酯形成的配合物的能量差异；用分子动力学模拟方法研究了手性分子识别行为及体系的氢键分布；用MM+力场研究了识别体系的能量。

The historical process of transition between cultivation and pasture animal husbandry and its ecological impact has been analyzed by demonstration to explore the large-scale laws.(2). The driving process has been analyzed and behavior mechanism of local people was also construed.(3) The new interpretation of desertification causes has been made to search root of estrepement, overgrazing and excessive firewood gathering.(4) The comparison and selection have been made to explore new changing direction of integrated land desertification control strategy.

主要进行了：①农、牧业变化的历史轨迹与生态环境演变的实证研究，从大的历史尺度寻求农、牧业变化与沙漠化之间的互动关系；②农、牧业选择变化的驱动过程研究，从较短的时间尺度进行高分辨率的过程跟踪与解析，重点分析农牧民的行为机制；③农、牧业选择变化对沙漠化过程的动因解析研究，重点解析&滥垦、滥牧、滥樵&产生的深层次根源，为沙漠化防治战略的制定提供理论依据；④生态建设策略的比较与转型方向的研究。

Chinese aesthetic categories have their unique characteristics: from the point view of semiotic forms, they are imagerial; from the view point of logic, they are integrative; from the view point of dynamic evolution, they are derivative; and from the view point of theoretical aim, they are functional.

中国古代文论和美学研究经过近一个世纪的发展，目前范畴和范畴体系受到高度重视，被看作是&探索传统文学理论批评内在规律和本质特征的一个重要切入点&，甚至已成为学术界的一个&热点&[1 ] 。但在范畴研究中，历史梳理和各别研究相对容易一些，体系建构和综合研究则十分困难，因而后一方面的成果就比较缺乏。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了