比较研究

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

The results of our study have demonstrated that,(1) quadrivanlents in diakinesis Ⅰ are ideal materials for micromanipulation;(2) compared with the instrument used to microisolate chromosomes with a dissecting needle perched on a dissecting microscope outfitting with a micromanipulator or laser beam, the equipment most common used in our study is relatively inexpensive and the techniques could be established as a standard procedure in the ordinary laboratory;(3) the gene mapping methods developed in the study is an efficient and fast approach that could advance gene mapping of fish and other species.

本研究结果表明，（1）减数分裂Ⅰ终变期染色体标本是进行染色体显微操作研究的理想材料；（2）与显微操作仪和微激光分离相比较，本研究所探索的显微分离染色体方法不需要昂贵仪器，在常规实验室即可操作，具有广泛的普及应用意义；（3）把染色体显微操作应用于基因定位这种构思是完全可行的。这种基因定位方法简明而快捷，从而为鱼类及其它物种染色体定位研究开辟了一个新的研究方式和途径。

Under the guidance of the Marxist dialectical materialism and the historical materialism, the author of this dissertation makes a relatively systematic study of the noumenal problem of teaching-learning, making use of the achievements in other subjects and the relevant studies of this problem in didactics, following the principle that the object should be done from the phenomenon to the essence.

本文以马克思主义辩证唯物论和历史唯物论为根本指导思想，借鉴有关学科的研究成果和教学论学科对此问题的相关研究，遵循研究对象从简单到复杂、从具体到抽象、从低级到高级、从现象到本质的认识路线，对教学本体问题进行了比较系统的研究。

This paper is made up of three parts:summarizing about the study of disyllabic or polysyllabic;analysing for the important and difficult disyllabic or polysyllabic of the book;the statistical analysis for the result of second part to find the rule and characterristics.

通过对这些问题的研究，对医学文献的复音词做详尽剖析，与其他文献比较、归纳，总结汉语词汇变化的趋势与特点。希望为汉语史与中医学的研究提供可资借鉴的材料，也希冀汉语研究能将研究视野拓宽。

The dissertation presents a mathematical modeling approach for the high-speed flexible linkage mechanisms equipped with bonded piezoelectric sensing/actuating elements employing a mixed variational approach with Hamilton's principle in conjunction with the finite element formulation. This model includes both the terms coupling the elastic and rigid-body motions of linkage mechanisms and the terms coupling the elastodynamics and piezoelectricity of the elements, incorporating their effects upon the mass and stiffness matrices which are in general non-symmetric.

本文以国家自然科学基金资助项目《弹性连杆机构有害振动的主、被动控制及混合控制研究》（资助号：59605001）和广东省自然科学基金项目《开链及闭链机构有害振动控制研究》（资助号：970381）为依托，对高速弹性连杆机构振动的主动控制中的建模、求解、控制律的选择、作动/传感元件的优化以及实验研究等几个关键问题进行了比较深入细致的研究，取得了一些具有重要理论意义和重大实际应用价值的成果。

The purpose of this study were to:(1) study the effects of foreknowledge on the heart rate variability of college students under stress.

本研究的目的在于：一是研究预知对应激者心率变异性的影响；二是比较预知和腹式呼吸对应激者心率变异性的影响；三是研究预知对不同性别应激者心率变异性的影响；四是研究预知对内外倾应激者心率变异性的影响。

Thirdly, comparing the ways and means applied by the Chinese researches and the Hesperian researches, to learn the differences between them.

第三，对女性受众研究的研究方法进行中西比较，了解中西方研究方法使用中的侧重，以及我们研究方法的缺失。

The discrete velocity ordinate method in the kinetic theory of gases is developed and applied to discretize the correspo

借助非定常时间分裂法和无波动无自由参数的NND耗散格式，建立直接求解微观分子速度分布函数的有限差分数值格式；研究并发展可用于离散速度坐标点选取和离散速度空间宏观取矩的高斯─埃尔米特无穷积分方法、等均间隔的牛顿─柯斯复合积分法、以勒让德多项式的根为积分结点的高斯─勒让德数值积分法，并应用于不同马赫数绕流模拟；通过对不同流域一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流问题和三维球体绕流的计算研究，并将计算结果与其他途径得到的研究结果诸如DSMC模拟值、N-S解及有关实验数据进行比较分析，创建了一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题简化的统一数值算法研究框架

Based on the hydrodynamic theory of dense gas-solid flow and the kinetic theory of dense gases proposed by Chapman and Cowling, the kinetic theory of cohesive particles flow and constitutive equations of cohesive particles are established.

目前科学家们对粘附性颗粒的流态化研究主要集中于实验研究，数值模拟研究做的比较少，特别是对传统的双流体模型，如何进一步改进完善，以适应粘附性颗粒的气固两相流动的研究，成为当务之急。

By means of cross-disciplinary methodology, this research arrives at some new findings, such as Zhu Weizhi's founding role of Chinese Bible translation study, the marking function of Yan Fu's involvement in Bible translation, and the purpose of Li Rongfang's introducing Ya Wei as a new transliteration term for the name of biblical God.

第二、本研究采用跨学科研究方法进行《圣经》汉译研究，许多资料是首次使用，并从中引发出新的见解，如朱维之对中国《圣经》汉译研究的奠基作用、严复介入《圣经》翻译的标志性作用、李荣芳采用"亚卫"神名译称的目的，尤其是对吴经熊翻译风格的分析、对张久宣《圣经后典》翻译的涉及、对《圣经》汉译和佛经翻译的系统比较，以及现代中国的社会一文化语境和文学一认知环境对《圣经》文学接受的影响等，在国内学术界尚属首次，体现了一定的学术开拓精神。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。