比较研究

with the development of study on dermatoglyphics,a great deal of published research work indicates that there exists some relationship between skin texture and disease.this paper summarized the research results of der-matoglyphic characteristics of patients.the research results are compared with each other.problems in the research and the research tendency are discussed.

随着皮纹学研究的进展，越来越多的研究表明皮肤纹理变化与疾病之间存在一定联系。本文论述了一些主要疾病的皮纹学改变研究现状，对研究结果作了比较、分析，并对皮纹学在疾病诊断方面的研究所存在的问题和今后研究方向进行了讨论。

The aim of my dissertation is to provide theoretic lever and thinking paradigm for thedeeply reading of 〓 century traditional socialism model and the scientificallyreconstructing of 〓 century new socialism model,especially the policy for benignlyadvancing of reform and opening-up and modernization construction of socialism withChina's characteristics,through the research in the theory and practice of mediumdimension called operating mechanism with real socialist country being research target,society's operating mechanism being new angle,value idea of society's benigndevelopment being target,and the combination of norm's and empirical research and theconjuncture of history and comparison being methodology is about the research'saim and significance,methodology and thinking way degree which academic circle hasachieved in studying the issue.

基于此，本文以现实社会主义国家为研究对象，以社会运行机制为新视角和切入点，以社会良性发展的价值理念为目标参照，以规范研究与实证研究相结合、历史的方法与比较的方法相结合为研究方法，旨在通过社会主义社会运行机制这一中观层面理论与实践的研究，为深入解读20世纪传统模式社会主义和科学建构21世纪新型模式社会主义提供理论支点和思维范式，特别是为中国特色社会主义改革开放和现代化建设良性推进提供思想依据和理论借鉴。

In order to understand the expressed genes, construct the known gene expressed profile, study the tissue-specific genes and the common genes from pig and chicken; In order to do primary researches for comparative genomics, functional genomics, QTLs mapping, animal molecular breeding and so on, we have constructed 3 cDNA libraries of Xiang Pig muscle tissue, Silkie Fowl muscle tissue and liver tissue, sequenced a large scale ESTs and analyzed their bioinformation from the ESTs of Silkie Fowl muscle tissue and liver tissue in our study.

为全面了解肌肉组织和肝脏组织的基因表达类型，构建猪、鸡肌肉组织和肝脏组织的功能基因表达谱，研究肌肉组织和肝脏组织的特异表达基因及这两种组织的共同基因；为比较基因组学的研究、功能基因组学的研究、QTLs定位等的动物分子育种做前期基础科研工作，本研究构建了香猪肌肉组织、丝毛乌骨鸡肌肉组织和肝脏组织的3个cDNA文厍，并对丝毛乌骨鸡的肌肉组织和肝脏组织进行了大规模的ESTs测序及其生物信息学的初步研究。

Objective: To explore the mechanisms resulting in the recurrence of urethral scar which make urethral strictures difficult to be cured, a series experiments were conducted to find potential effective factors involved in urethral scar formation and degradation, including the studies of extracellular matrix component of urethral stricture scar, the characteristics of urethral scar fibroblast, and the effects of urine on urethral fibroblast in vitro, as well as the studies to compare the difference of collagenase activity, type Ⅰ collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the tissues and cultured fibroblasts from normal urethra and strictured urethra respectively, and the studies to investigate the effect of antisense TIMP-1 oligodeoxyonucleotide on cell proliferation and collagenase activity of urethral scar fibroblast.

中文题名尿道瘢痕基础研究副题名胶原酶活性，TIMP-1的表达及其反义基因治疗外文题名 Experimental study on urethral scar-activity of collagenase，expression of TIMP-1，and antisense TIMP-1 gene transfection of urethral scar fibroblast 论文作者黄翔导师杨宇如教授学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位四川大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数104页关键词尿道手术瘢痕胶原酶成纤维细胞尿道瘢痕馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R699 /12 目的：研究尿道瘢痕的细胞外基质的组成，尿道瘢痕成纤维细胞的生物学特性以及尿液对其生长的影响；比较胶原酶活性，金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）以及Ⅰ型胶原含量在尿道瘢痕和正常尿道组织及体外培养的成纤维细胞中的差异；研究反义TIMP-1寡核苷酸对尿道瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖以及胶原酶活性的影响。

Summering the present studies in the field,the major study directions in the future are the exploring on the capability of various alloy,stability theory for the process,the quality standard of the SSCC billet.

在对研究现状进行分析比较的基础上，指出今后的主要研究方向是半固态合金连铸性能研究、半固态连铸工艺稳定性理论研究、半固态成形用坯料的质量标准及生产线最优配置方案研究等四个方面。

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

In management practice, many experts made a lot of research on material motivation means, which can be measured. With this study advantage, it has formed a perfect, structural system, and, it also develops in the new era, for example, the stock-share motivation etc. comparatively speaking, there are less research on the immaterial motivation, let alone to form a perfect, systematic structure. Research on the immaterial motivation should be put on the agenda as the richening of material situation, the rising in management cost as well as the decreasing of marginal effect in material motivation.

在管理实践中，激励研究较多的、较为完善的是物质激励手段，物质激励以其可量化的研究优势已经形成了一个较为完善的结构体系，而且在新时期也有所发展，如股权激励等；而相对来讲对于精神激励，研究是较少的，也还没有从激励应用的角度形成一个比较完善的、系统的研究结构；但随着物质条件的丰富、管理成本的上升以及物质激励边际效应的下降，对于精神激励研究也必将提上日程。

According to investigation of the domestic and foreign commonly-used theory,this paper systemically researches distinguishing multi-path traffic and the tollgates deployment in concept, principle and method by theoretical analysis and technological comparing research. The main aspects are as following: It is the important contents to research the model of toll mode choice in the programming and building of toll system, the purpose of research is to make the toll system source used in reason.

在国内外理论研究的基础上，本文采用理论分析、技术比较等研究方法，分别从概念、原理、方法等方面对联网收费的路径识别、收费车道配置进行系统而深入的研究，具体如下：对缴费方式选择模型进行研究是收费系统规划建设中一项重要内容，研究的目的是使得收费资源合理利用。

First, on the basis of sufficient study on the constructive condition of the main bridge of Tianxingzhou Bridge, different types of cross section of the steel truss beam, relationship between the length of steel beam node and quantity of steel, the shape of pylon, the form of anchorage and the structural system of the main bridge of Tianxingzhou Bridge are analysed.

本文以天兴洲大桥主桥的设计为研究对象，较为详细的研究了以下内容：首先，在充分研究天兴洲大桥具体建桥条件的基础上，研究了不同主桁断面形式，比较了各种节间长度对受力及用钢量的影响，分析了主塔的形式和索的锚固方式，对比分析主桥总体布置的不同方案，同时还对主桥下部结构方案进行对比分析；然后，对不同铁路结合桥面布置方案进行了对比研究，并计算了推荐方案在不同荷载工况下的受力状况。

On the basis of the former researches and taking into account the practice of our country, this paper take the low period repeat loading experiment for three rigid conjunction node of steel beam and concrete wall, researching their load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance under the low period repeat loading action, the main content concentrate on the following aspects:(1) Analyzing the three joint's damage shape、hysteretic curve、change of rigidity、yielding load、limit load、damage load、durability、energy dissipation capacity、the strain of the key position and the moment transferring mechanism.(2) Comparing the joint's load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance performance among the joints with different stud bolt diameter and different connection plate thickness, researching some factor's influence on the work performance of the joint such as the high and strong stud bolt specification、connection plate thickness .

本文在前人研究的基础上，结合我国的实际情况，对3个钢梁-混凝土墙刚接节点试件进行了低周反复荷载试验，对其在低周反复荷载作用下的承载力和抗震性能进行了研究，内容主要集中在以下几个方面：(1)对3个节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线特性、刚度变化、屈服荷载、极限荷载、破坏荷载、延性性能、耗能能力、关键部位的应变分布情况及节点核心区的受力情况进行了试验研究和理论分析；(2)比较了不同螺栓规格和不同连接板厚度的节点试件的承载力和抗震性能，研究了高强螺栓规格和连接板厚度这2个因素对节点工作性能的影响；(3)介绍了光纤光栅传感技术在土木工程领域中的应用研究现状及其基本原理；并通过对比试验，探讨了光纤光栅传感器用于土木工程检测的可行性及实现途径。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了