比较研究

This thesis proposes to make some comparison of the New Historicism by putting it on the axes of ordinate and abscissa of the western literary theory. Then we can verify the position of New Historicism in research objects, research methods and the practices of literary criticism, and obtain the comprehension and sublimation of its significance and value to the construction of Chinese literary theory.

本文旨在运用历史和逻辑相结合的方法，将新历史主义放在西方文论发展的坐标轴上进行纵横比较的研究，通过"比较"，力求在文学的研究对象、研究方法、批评实践等若干关键问题上给新历史主义找准定位，达到对其理论的理解和升华，从而能够阐发出新历史主义对中国文论建设的意义和价值。

On the presentation of Mn-P fixation, this paper reviews the latest advances in recent 10 years and concentrates on the mechanism of phosphorus fixation in acid soils. In addition, it brakes through the classical inorganic P fractionation in to Fe-P, Al-P, O-P and Ca-Pin the traditional P classification and considers Mn-P as one of the main phosphorus fixation modes in latosols, cultivated from the parent basalt material. Furthermore, fixation of P by Fe, Al, Mn is compared, and differentiation from chemical availability and bioavailability of P discussed. Based on the above, this paper presents some alienable measures for enhancing P utilization efficiency and postulates pivotal future research directions in the field of P fixation.

本文以Mn-P的提出为出发点，论述了近10年来对酸性土壤固磷机理研究的新进展，突破了常规P素形态分级研究中分为Fe-P，Al-P，O-P和Ca-P等无机磷测定的经典分级，认为玄武岩母质砖红壤中的Mn-P是P素固定的主要形式之一，进而比较了Fe、Al、Mn对P固定作用，并从P的化学有效性与生物有效性差异等方面进行了比较全面的论述，提出了减少P素固定提高磷肥利用率的措施及今后的重点研究方向。

Using the methods of Gallup, documentary reference, and comparative analysis, utilizing the economics, demotics, managerial theory and comparative theory, this dissertation researches the driving factors of Chinese university athletic sports, the relationship between human capital investment and innovation of system, and the development of university athletic sports in USA and China.

本研究采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、比较分析法、调查访问法，运用经济学、社会学、管理学、比较学等学科的相关理论，对我国高校竞技运动发展的驱动机制—人力资本的投资、制度的创新以及中美两国高校竞技运动发展状况进行了研究和比较，结论如下： 1。

Second, From the internal comparison of linzhang dialect,I find that the difference from east to west is smaller and the difference is larger from south to north ,particularly the southern Zhanghe is affected by vicinity dialects, the tail is abundant and the suffixation of the northen Zhanghe is increasing under the influence of the Standard Chinese. The exterior comparison includes the comparison of the linzhang dialect vocabulary to that of the vicinity and that of the Standard Chinese. The comparison with the vicinity dialects reveals the ralationship of the Linzhang dialects with the vicinity dialects and inquire into its reason. Third, Through the comparison between the dialect and the Standard Chinese from the aspects of sallable, morpheme,affixation, I reveal the vocabulary-made characteristics of the Linzhang dialect---- to have abundant affix. Last, we divide the vocabulary in the Linzhang dialect into the Ancient Chinese words,the Medieval Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words by the historical view.

漳河北受普通话影响比较大，儿化现象比较突出；外部比较主要通过临漳与周围县，如安阳、魏县、磁县、成安县等，方言词汇的比较以及与普通话词汇的比较，揭示了临漳方言与周围县方言的亲疏关系，并探讨了其原因； 3、临漳方言词汇的构词特点，主要从构词的角度，从音节、语素、附加式构成几个方面与普通话进行了比较，突出了临漳方言词汇词缀构词的特点； 4、临漳方言词汇的历史层次是从汉语史的角度对词汇进行的分类研究，从词汇产生的时代划分出上古汉语词汇、中古汉语词汇、近代汉语词汇以及现代汉语词汇。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

This thesis uses DEA to compare the WANO's performance indicators among three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. We take the past 7 years'(1997-2003) data of 3 plants, there are 21 DMUs totally. Due to the importance of the nuclear power plant safety performance , we adopt the output estimation by assuming the input as a constant; Five outputs parameters such as unit capability factor, unplaned automatic scrams are chosen to proceed the comparison and get the relative efficiency. We also collect the WANO performance indicators data of the same type nuclear power plants as Taiwan in the United State during 1999-2003 to proceed the same comparison with the domestic three nuclear power plants , in order to understand the relative efficiency between two groups.

本文系利用数据包络分析法，针对台湾地区三座核能电厂之世界核能协会绩效指标的实绩进行实证比较，研究对象是以这三座电厂过去七年（1997--2003）来的实绩比较，每一年度为一个评估单位，共有21个DMUs，由於核能电厂安全绩效之重要性甚高，故本研究纯粹以产出项为考量的绩效评比方式，故将投入项设为常数；产出项则选取机组容量因数、非计划自动急停次数等五项参数，进行评比求出其相对效率；另外也收集了1999—2003年美国同型电厂之WANO绩效指标实绩进行比较，以了解国本国三座核能电厂相较於美国电厂之相对效率为何？

This dissertation consists of the following seven chapters:Chapter 1 presents a general commentarial description of the existing research literature.

本章在分析比较优势内涵和比较优势原理的基础上，主要论述了比较优势的来源以拓展比较优势理论，从而为研究比较优势理论在中国产业发展中的应用提供基本的理论框架和分析基础。

For the performance research of trimaran sailing in shallow waters, some advanced countries have put some efforts, in contrast with little made in our country.

三体船作为一种高性能的新船型近年来已引起造船界的兴趣，一些造船先进国家为开展这方面的研究投入了大量的人力和物力，我国在这发面起步比较晚，在该方面也开展了一定的工作并取得了一定的进展，但和先进国家还有一定的差距，尤其在三体船的性能研究方面与国外的差距更大，在浅水域三体船方面国外做了一些研究，我国在这方面的研究比较少。

Therefore, I try to discuss the cultural turn in comparative education and the general development situation of the "cultural studies"paradigm, in hope of promoting the development of the"cultural studies" paradigm in the field of comparative education.

因此，笔者试图对比较教育的文化转向，以及在这种文化转向之下，比较教育领域&文化研究&范式的发展状况作以论述，以期推动&文化研究&范式在比较教育领域中的发展。

From three trials comparing Terbinafine with Itraconazole, a statistically significant advantage in favour of Terbinafine was observed for negative culture and microscopy at the end of the trials. From two trials comparing Terbinafine with Griseofulvin, a significantly higher rate of negative microscopy and culture was observed with Terbinafine.

结果 入选的特比奈芬与安慰剂比较的研究有3项，特比奈芬与伊曲康唑比较的研究有3项，在临床试验结束阶段的真菌镜检和真菌培养转阴率方面，特比奈芬明显高于对照组和伊曲康唑组，并且具有统计学意义，而且认为特比奈芬在耐受性方面优于伊曲康唑；特比奈芬与灰黄霉素比较的临床试验有2项，特比奈芬的真菌治愈率明显高于灰黄霉素。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。