比较研究

The Manchu and the Mongolian languages belong to the Altaic Language Family, and the comparison between the two kinds of languages has been one of the emphasizes of the comparative study of the Altaic languages for a long time.

满语和蒙古语属于阿尔泰语系，而满语和蒙古语的比较研究历来都是阿尔泰语系语言比较研究的重点之一。

The relation of relative, the relation of value and the relation of cross existing among literate phenomena are the objective foundations of comparability.

随之而来的一个问题是，这些跨界限的文学现象是否确实具有比较研究的可能和比较研究的价值，也就是说，这些文学现象是否确实具有可比性？

Like principles of civil liberty are everywhere fostering like methods of government; and if comparative studies of the ways and means of government should enable us to offer suggestions which will practicably combine openness and vigor in the administration of such governments with ready docility to all serious, well-sustained public criticism, they will have approved themselves worthy to be ranked among the highest and most fruitful of the great departments of political study.

到处都有类似的公民自由的原则在促进类似的政府手段的发展。如果对政府管理方式和手段的比较研究将会使我们提出一些建议，使得上述各种政府在行政管理方面实际上把公开性和活力结合在一起，并且准备接受一切严肃的得到广泛支持的公众批评，那么这种比较研究就将使自已有资格进入政治研究的最高级和最有成果的重大分支学科的行列之中。

According to comparable method of Ethnomusicology, synchronic and diachronic analysis was used to analyze the music tradition of Elunchun minority.

笔者运用民族音乐学比较研究的方法论，对鄂伦春族传统音乐的发展作历史性与历时性的双重比较研究。

But the former Dai medicine study the main concentration at to the exhumation, sorting and the development aspects of this race medicine oneself system.

但以往的傣医药研究主要集中在对本民族医药自身体系的发掘、整理方面，与各种传统医药学相互间的比较研究较少，就中、傣医诊断学较完整体系进行全面的比较研究国内外未见报道。

They are: the achievements of textual research and exegesis of Zhu Zi Xue in Qing Dynasty; the promoting effect of the introducing Western theories that took on the research of Chinese classical logic; taking the doctrine of Moism and scientific logic method as a methodological weapon for propagating reformist thought and Liang Qichao"s favor to Mo Zi and theory of Moism.The second part is about Liang Qichao"s achievements of logic and methodology: he analyzed induction and deduction, and thoroughly analyzed induction in particular, and his thought about those was mainly correct; he analyzed comparison as a component of induction and discussed the cognitive function of comparison, he also explained how to use comparison in the research of history; he not only explicated the thinking process of analytical method and synthetic method, but also integrated the two methods with studying history and reading history , and turned them into specific research methods of history ;he expound the rule of causal law , just as Leibnizs principle of sufficient reason in Western modern times and the law of sufficient reasonin universal logic; he discussed nominal classification, and analyzed wrong classification of the forefathers, then he pointed out the significance of clarifying the basic of division .

不足在于：①梁启超对于各种科学方法的论述不够系统、全面；②梁启超比较研究方法仍存在一些缺陷，他的比较研究主要是将墨家论式与西方逻辑的三段论(有的与印度因明的三支作法)形式作求同研究，缺乏系统性和全面性，而且对三种逻辑的共同点和差异点的分析也缺乏理论深度，加之梁启超不懂得数理逻辑，缺乏精确的数理逻辑工具，因而使这种对比分析缺乏严密性和精确性。

By applying a revised version of the Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire , the personality characteristics of Chi- nese canoeists have been studied and compared with those of athletes in various other sport events.Results of the study show that the personality characteristics of an athlete vary with the event he or she majors in.The findings about the special personality characteristics of the canoeists serve as scientific data for the identification of young talents and their training.

为了更广泛地了解我国各项目运动员的个性特点并进行比较研究，我们采用卡氏个性量表对我国划船运动员进行了测试研究，了解我国划船运动员16项个性因素的现状，同时与目前已经采用此测试量表所得的结果进行比较研究，希望能在短期内获得该运动项目个性特征的多方面的数据资料，尝试建立符合我国实情的划船运动员个性特征的模式，并为训练、选材提供有参考价值的心理测试工具和量表及科学依据。

Pestis pathogenicity. Methods: We utilized "whole genome shotgun" approach to get the genome sequence of 91001. Based on the finished and annotated genome sequence of 91001, as well as previously published genome sequence of C092 and KIM, we performed detailed comparative genomics analysis on their chromosome and plasmids. For the important phenotypes - nitrate reduction and glycerol fermentation, we carried out large scale screening among 257 strains isolated in China to clarify the genetic mechanism of these two phenotypes.

采用全基因组鸟枪法测定91001菌株的全基因组序列，利用比较基因组方法对91001与另两株鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(CO92和KIM)的全基因组进行比较研究；同时针对一些有意义的基因在多株鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的中国分离株中进行了验证；并在基因组研究的基础上开展了初步的蛋白质学研究。

By virtue of comparison method, this paper covers several aspects of hull insurance and protections indemnity including the aspect which is relatively typical , the junction which is the most liable to be cause ambiguous cognition, the aspect in possession of maximum of research value.

本文利用比较的研究方法，挑选了船舶保险和船舶保赔保险较有代表性、最易产生模糊认识和最具研究意义的几个方面进行了比较研究。

A comparative research on the ombudsmen institution may undertake in two aspects :One is the comparative research on norms, such as qualifications, organs, mechanisms, jurisdictions and power limits; Another is the comparative research on functions, namely, its special characteristics and indisplaceable status are demonstrated through the comparative study between the ombudsman institution and the parliament supervision, the judicial supervision and the internal supervision.

行政监察专员制度的比较研究可以从两个方面进行：一是进行规范比较，即对行政监察专员的任职资格、组织机构、运行机制、职责范围、权力界限等进行系统的、全面的比较分析；二是进行功能比较，矾究和阐述行政监察专员制度与议会监督机制、司法救济机制、行政机关内部救济机制的关系，从中总结出行政监察专员制度的独特品质及其无可替代的地位与功能。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。