比较研究

First, the actuality of Jiangyin bridge's deck surfacing are reviewed. Improper materials and pavement structures, severe conditions, overload and heavy traffic are deemed to be the main factors which result to deterioration of the deck surfacing. Then, programme of local repair asphalt mixture design has been proposed. It is considered that epoxy asphalt mixture and guss asphalt mixture are propitious to the local repair. The epoxy asphalt is also chosen as the adhesive layer material. Next, two pavement structures for steel deck plate surfacing have been tested. The most suitable asphalt surfacing structures have been proposed for the local repair. Finally, the elaborate local repair schemes of Jiangyin bridge's deck surfacing are proposed.

论文首先调查评估了江阴桥桥面铺装的现状，分析了江阴桥桥面铺装破坏的原因，认为材料及结构选用不当、使用条件苛刻、超载与大交通等是主要原因；其次对修复铺装混合料进行了配合比设计，认为优化后的环氧沥青混合料与浇注式沥青混合料适合于江阴桥的铺装修复，而粘结材料则采用环氧沥青粘结剂；然后参考国内外已有的桥面铺装结构组合，对两种复合结构进行了比较研究，提出了适于江阴桥桥面铺装局部修复的铺装结构组合；最后在各项研究的基础上，提出了江阴桥桥面铺装局部修复的具体方案。

Low concentration of NaCl solution could promote the growth on the shoot of seed germination. The growing length of roots and shoots of two halophytes treated by 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl reached the highest and the growing condition on shoots was best. Then some physiological and biochemical parameters including the content of Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), proline and plant leaf tissue water potential, the assays of membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were determined with the two halophytic plants on salinity.

研究工作首先对盐爪爪和盐穗木在种子萌发阶段的耐盐性进行了比较研究，表明盐爪爪和盐穗木都是很耐盐的盐生植物，在种子萌发期，盐穗木比盐爪爪更耐盐；NaCl和等渗的聚乙二醇对种子的萌发都产生抑制作用，且PEG的抑制程度大于等渗的NaCl。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

Operations are given and testified in this paper. The research methods of intrinsical linear nonholonomic dynamics are similar to those of holonomic dynamics.The rationality and equivalence of Chetaev model and Vacco model in the intrinsical linear nonholonomic system are testified from the mathematic and mechanical aspects. The essential reason is the nonlinear property of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain that bring on Chetaev model and Vacco model inequivalent. Chetaev model is a linear approximate method in intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic system. Vacco dynamical equations are not satisfied to the ideal constraint force conditions, but it gives a significative ponderation on the realizations of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain.

本文比较研究了一般非完整系统的Chetaev模型和Vacco模型，首次从力学和数学的角度论证了这两种模型在完整系统和本质线性非完整系统中的合理性和等价性；同时给出了在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型和Vacco模型不等价的根本原因，是由本质非线性非完整约束的不确定性非线性本质所导致的；指出在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型是一种线性近似的结果，Vacco动力学方程虽然不满足约束力的理想性质，但是为我们研究本质非线性非完整约束的物理实现提供了有益的思考。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiff's right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiffs right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

The paper will research on the role of tax claims in the liquidation proceeding mainly by means of comparative research and positivism by four parts. Part 1 is summarize of the tax claims, mainly analyses the character of the tax jurally relation, believing that it is a kind claims provided by the public law.

本文主要采用比较研究和实证分析的方法对我国破产法中税收债权的地位进行研究，全篇总共分为四个部分：第一部分是对税收债权的概述，主要分析了税收法律关系的性质，认定税收是一种公法债权。

Methods:All of the 50 caseswere performed tension - free herniop lasty with mesh - plug made of PP.15 caseswere treated with local anesthesia and the other 35 caseswere treated with epidural block anesthesia.

对50例腹股沟疝无张力修补患者进行研究，分为局部麻醉组(n=15例)和硬膜外麻醉组(n=35例)，对两组的手术时间、术后尿潴留、术后伤口疼痛、术后下床活动时间、住院费用和术后复发进行比较研究。

This study reviewed literature on spawning times for three north temperate species of anguillid eels estimated by sampling for small leptocephali at sea and for several temperate and tropical species by back-calculating from putative daily ages derived from otolith increment analysis of glass eels that recruited to coastal waters.

本文通过研究了海里采集鳗鲡幼体总结出的三种北温带种类的鳗鲡的产卵时间，并且通过通过分析溯河洄游到淡水的鳗苗的耳石日龄倒推出的产卵时间，将二者进行比较研究。

Review on Foreign Studies of Technophobia, Review on Neo-Ludditism Explanation of the Technological Taboo——Neo-Ludditism Analyses on Psychological Cause of Modern Technological Problem, Comparison Analyses on Ludditism and Neo-Ludditism, Critical Explanation of Neo-ludditism for Technology Impacting on Education, Analyses on the Condemnatory Critiques of the Neo-Luddites against Televisions,The Rehabilitation of the Negative Connotation of the "Luddite Imagination" and Its Social Implication, and so on.

主要论文有《关于&技术是什么&的对话》、《国外技术恐惧研究述评》、《新卢德主义述评》、《新老卢德运动比较研究》、《解析技术塔布——新卢德主义对现代技术问题的心理根源剖析》、《新卢德主义关于技术影响教育的批判性阐释》、《解析新卢德主义对电视的声讨》《&卢德意象&正名的社会意蕴阐释》等

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。