比较测试

It contained system principle block diagram, exposition to the main part, circuit and software flow chart. The test of volt-ampere characteristic to sample tester were provided. It is easy to find that this tester has very good performance according to the test result and it is a more practical.

详细地给出了该测试仪的系统实现原理框图，并对其中的主要部分进行了详细地阐述，给出了相应部分的电路原理图，以及软件实现流程图，并通过对所设计的样机进行了伏安特性的测试，根据测试结果可以看出，该测试仪具有很好的性能，是一个比较实用的测试仪器。

This paper introduces the research and implementation of all-purpose high-speed test adapter for ADC. The main contents includes two methods about how to testing the static parameters and dynamic parameters for ADC. The servo loop method is proposed to static parameters, by using the test principle of high-precision voltage source, high-precision voltage meter and digital comparator. To dynamic parameters, the DDS chip of AD9851 is used to generate sine waves with high signal to noise ratio, then the high-s...

servo loop ； FFT ；本文介绍了关于ADC高速通用测试适配器的研究和实现，主要介绍了测试ADC芯片静态参数和动态参数两种方法，针对静态参数，提出了用伺服环的方法，采用高精度电压源，高精度电压表和数字比较器的测试原理；针对动态参数，提出了用DDS芯片AD9851产生高信噪比的正弦波，采用高速采样模块采集数据，最后用FFT算法对采集的数据进行处理。

In this method,fault detection is based on functional test for circuit boards, and fault isolation is based on the com- parison of actual response and expected response on correlative nodes,Besides, the aproach of building diag- nostic database and hardware composition of test system is introduced,According to this method,a practical test system has been made successfully.it can isolate 80% faults to nodes.

在该方法中，故障检测是基于对电路板的功能测试，故障隔离是基于相关节点的实际响应和预期响应的比较，此外还介绍了诊断数据库的建立方法以及测试系统的硬件组成。根据这一方法已研制成功一个实用测试系统，它能把80％故障隔离到节点。

When being used in testing the application with network service and software with simple file format, fuzz testing performs efficiently, but it is ineffective in resting the software with complex file format because of the force and stochastic fuzzing data.

利用这种技术时使用简单格式数据的应用程序或者网络协议进行安全性测试时效果比较显著，但是在对大型办公软件的安全性测试中，由于其软件文件格式复杂，暴力Fuzz测试效率低下。

When being used in testing the application with network service and software with simple file format, fuzz testing performs efficiently, but it is ineffective in testing the software with complex file format because of the force and stochastic fuzzing data.

利用这种技术对使用简单格式数据的应用程序或者网络协议进行安全性测试时效果比较显著，但是在对大型办公软件的安全性测试中，由于其软件文件格式复杂，暴力Fuzz测试效率低下。

By analyzing and comparing several definitions of Fuzzing, this paper gave a new definition accroding to the know-ledge and methods using currently, summerized its new ideas, new methods and corresponding defeats from these aspects like differences from black-box testing, framework and test data generation mechanism.

通过分析比较多种Fuzzing技术的定义，结合其当前发展所基于的知识和采用的方法，给出了Fuzzing技术的一个新的定义；重点从与黑盒测试技术的区别、测试对象、架构和测试数据产生机理四个方面总结了当前Fuzzing技术采用的一些新思想、新方法以及它们的缺陷。

by analyzing and comparing several definitions of fuzzing, this paper gave a new definition accroding to the know-ledge and methods using currently, summerized its new ideas, new methods and corresponding defeats from these aspects like differences from black-box testing, framework and test data generation mechanism.

小 摘要：通过分析比较多种fuzzing技术的定义，结合其当前发展所基于的知识和采用的方法，给出了fuzzing技术的一个新的定义；重点从与黑盒测试技术的区别、测试对象、架构和测试数据产生机理四个方面总结了当前fuzzing技术采用的一些新思想、新方法以及它们的缺陷。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

Firstly this paper analyses and compares to the methods of target tracking and telemetry in common use, selects and uses the telemetry system that called'reversed GPS', aiming at the difficulties and challenge of ball cartridge examination and reclaim in these circs that the falling point distribution is random and wide extension, or deviates from the Hpredetermined ballistic trajectory and falling on the midway because of multi-target and long-distance aviation in experimental aviation based on traditional radio directional bearing.

结合课题研究背景，本文首先分析和比较了目前常用目标跟踪和定位方法的优缺点以及针对传统无线电定位技术在做飞行测试试验时由于目标飞行距离远、目标数量多导致的目标落点随机散布、范围广和偏离预定弹道、中途坠落等情况下给实弹试验测试和试验弹回收带来的困难与挑战，选用了&倒GPS&遥测系统作为测试测量方案。

The preparative technique of solid lubricant is cold-press sintering method.The micro-structure , friction surface, lubricant transfer film surface of base material was characterized by SEM; XRD was used to do phase analysis. The degrees of crystallinity of pure PTFE under the different conditions of water cooling, air cooling and furnace-varying cooling were made comparison by XRD. The thermal stability of pure PTFE and solid lubricant was analyzed by DSC-TG; The composition and valence state of elements in the surface of carbon fiber ,solid lubricant before and after friction test and lubricant transfer film were characterized by XPS; The frictional property of solid lubricant was tested by pin and disk test rig .

用SEM表征原料微观结构、摩擦表面及润滑转移膜表面形貌：用XRD进行原料物相分析，及比较水冷却、空气冷却、随炉冷却三种工艺条件下的纯聚四氟乙烯树脂的结晶度；用DSC-TG分析纯聚四氟乙烯树脂及固体润滑剂的热稳定性；用XPS表征碳纤维表面、固体润滑剂摩擦前后表面、润滑转移膜表面的元素组成、价态变化；用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对固体润滑剂进行摩擦性能测试；采用专用的台架模拟试验机对固体润滑剂镶嵌轴承套与钢轴摩擦副间的摩擦磨损性能进行测定；用莱次偏光显微镜测试固体润滑剂的硬度；用材料试验机测试固体润滑剂的抗压强度等。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。