比较法

Band differencing is feasible in water and irrigable field, but it couldnt monitor the changes of whole land use and its precision is the lowest. For the mufti-temporal composite method, it is difficult to choose the exact regions for change detection. Based on the previous accurate classification result, the post classification comparison method gets the best result compared with the other two methods, but also with the hand-on mistakes.

图像差值法对河流水面和水浇地的监测效果比较好，但对所有地类监测结果不令人满意，精度较低；多时相波段复合分类法中，变化土地类型训练区的确定较困难；分类后比较法是在前面土地信息准确提取的基础上进行的分析，精度较高，监测结果图也一目了然，是土地利用动态监测的一种有效方法，但它是在自动识别分类基础上进行的比较，传递了分类产生的误差。

The research contents with main full text and research results are summarized as follows:First of all , estimate the inaccurate difficult problem consuming time to the cost while making products quotation course, improve the existing index and predict the law levelly and smoothly with the fuzzy mathematics theory, propose the fuzzy similar comparative law builds and constructs the cost to appraise models, thus the speed and precision of improving the cost and estimating greatly .

全文主要的研究内容和研究成果概括如下：首先，针对制造产品报价过程中成本估算不准确、耗时的难题，用模糊数学理论改进现有的指数平滑预测法，提出模糊相似比较法建构成本估价模型，从而大大提高了成本估算的速度和精度。

It uses factor analysis method and dualistic relative comparative method to account the ability place of a loan enterprise in its industry, which can confirm the station in its industry better. By using time series model to forecast an enterprises cash flow in the future, we can measure the repayment ability of an enterprise. By using Logit model to account the probability of default for a loan enterprise, we can estimate the possibility of its default. From the industry risk , conduct risk,management lisk and repayment willing of a loan enterprise ,this paper analyses non-financial factor of enterprise.

运用因子分析法和二元相对比较法计算贷款企业在本行业中的财务能力排名，更好地确定其在本行业中的地位；运用时间序列模型预测企业未来的现金流量，从而测度贷款企业未来的还款能力；运用Logit模型计算贷款企业的违约概率，估计其违约的可能性；从贷款企业的行业风险、经营风险、管理风险、借款人还款意愿等方面对贷款企业的非财务因素进行分析。

In my study, based on morphological and biological studies, 53 character transformation series of 23 species which stand for 23 genera of the Microgastrinae in China respectively and 2 species of Miracinae and Cardichilinae were selected. Through analysis of character polarity using the method of outgroup analysis, two and multiple character data matrixe were obtained. The data is analysed through PHYLIP(Phylogeny Inference Package, version 3.6) software based on the method of cladistics, the consensus cladograms was constructed at last.

本研究以分布在中国东洋区和古北区的小腹茧蜂亚科23个属的23个种作为内群，奇脉茧蜂亚科和折脉茧蜂亚科各一种作为外群，基于形态学和生物学分析建立了53个性状演系列，通过外群比较法，得到一个由二性状和多性状数据矩阵，再用phylip(系统发育推断软件3.6版)处理数据矩阵，最后得到合意树。

The origin of Shan people; aboriginal origin and migrational origin; field work; historical data comparing and analyzing; Yue people

社会科学II，民族学，民族学掸族起源；&土著说&与&迁徙说&；田野调查；文献收集分析法；语言比较法；越人

The universalistic school;the particularistic school;the comparative school

普遍主义学派；特殊主义学派；比较法学派

The orders Magnoliale, Laurales, Piperales, Illiciales, and Ranunculales were selected as a complex outgroup. The evolutionary polarity of each character was determined using the outgroup comparison method. On the basis of the character-coding matrix, the phylogenetic trees were constructed with Camin-Sokal method and Farris-Wagner method, implemented in PHYLIP package.

本文选取24个与睡莲类植物系统发育相关的形态、解剖和花粉性状，以木兰目、樟目、胡椒目、八角目和毛茛目作为复合外类群，采用外类群比较法判断了上述性状的进化极性；以性状状态编码矩阵为基础，应用Camin-Sokal方法和Farris-Wagner方法以及PHYLIP软件包构建分支树。

In addition to the full analysis of the related elementary theory of POBS,Using historical analytic method,comparison test and economic analytic method,inquired into the other market economy developed countries achievements of POBS,Unifying our National condition of Socialism initial stage market economy,this article Carries on the concrete consummation to our country\'s system of POBS.

本文将在充分分析竞业禁止制度的相关基本理论的基础上，运用历史分析法、比较法、经济学分析法，探究其他市场经济较发达国家的竞业禁止制度成果，结合我国社会主义初级阶段市场经济的基本国情，对我国的竞业禁止制度进行具行的完善。

In this thesis I do comparative disquisition on three aspects of liability of breach: principle of liability、forms of breach of contract and the remedies for the breach through analysis on legislation and prejudication of related countries.

本文结合相关国家的立法规定和判例对违约责任的归责原则、违约形态及违约的补救措施这三个问题的比较法研究。

If we don't study its phenomenon, we have no way to know its general law. From basic theory of documentary evidence, this paper analyses definition, characteristic, cause and classify of defective documentary evidence, study several kinds of it in practice, introduce legislation status at home and abroad, finally, analyses that parties apply and take precautions against it and that judges estimate its probative force, etc.

本文从书证基础理论入手，分析了瑕疵书证的定义、特点、产生原因、分类等一般性理论问题，结合典型案例分析了在司法实践中瑕疵书证的常见形态，从比较法角度介绍了域外在瑕疵书证问题上的立法状况，最后，分析了当事人对瑕疵书证的预防、运用技术及法官对瑕疵书证证明力的审查判断等问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。