比较原理

Based on the principle analysis,this paper compares the integrated absolute error value of two kinds of controllers,and this reflects the superiority of internal model controller in some way.

该文分析和比较了内模控制器和PI控制器在克服时间滞后方面原理的不同；并在分析原理的基础上，通过仿真实现了两者在绝对误差积分方面的比较，在一定程度上反映了内模控制器比PI控制器优

To make paper more systematic and practical, this paper has first introduced the development history of CT equipment, then, elaborate construction of system and theworking principle of CT equipment systematically, including the property of X-ray, the absorption law of X-ray for materials, the reconstruction principle of CT image, the structure of software and hardware for CT equipment. Finally, with 2 CT systems that we used, statistic and analysis of all the malfunctions which have carried out in passed 10 years was given, and according to the systematic parts of fault located, classify the malfunctions, then elaborate their working principle one by one, analyze the regularity and the characteristic of each malfunction, and put forward specific prevention method and measure for the malfunction.

为了使论文更具系统性和实用性，本论文首先介绍了CT设备的发展史，然后比较系统地阐述CT设备的工作原理及系统结构，包括X射线的特性和物质对x射线的吸收规律，CT图像的重建原理，CT设备的软、硬件结构等，最后以我们所使用的2台CT为例，对10余年来所出现的故障进行了全面的统计分析，并按故障所处的系统部件进行分类，然后逐个阐述其工作原理，分析其故障的特点和规律，并就这些故障提出具体的预防方法和措施。

Based on the dual-beam interference principle and white light interference feature, this dissertation designs the SWLI surface 3D topography measuring system and analyzes the principle and characters different from that of traditional monochromatic light interference. According to different descriptions of the white light interference feature, the optimal interference point extracting algorithms are classified, analyzed and compared in detail. In the light of the design rule of improving measuring precision and speed simultaneously, two new types of algorithms, named Feature Matching algorithm and Intensity Contrast Moving Window algorithm, are designed to acquire good results according to practical conditions.

基于双光束干涉原理及白光干涉特性，本文设计了扫描白光干涉法表面三维形貌测量系统，分析了该方法区别于传统单色光干涉测量的测量原理及特点，根据对白光干涉特征不同的描述方式对最佳干涉点提取算法进行了分类、分析与比较，并在提高测量精度与测量速度设计原则的指导下，根据测量系统的实际条件设计了两种新的算法：特征匹配法和对比度移窗法，在实际测量中达到了比较好的测量效果。

Analysis of application effect proves that strip flatness error can be well controlled in the scope of 0～3 I in stable rolling condition and close loop feedback control method satisfies the need of high precision control for cold rolling strip flatness. cold rolling ; Clecim AFC system ; multivariable optimum control

本文对国内某厂引进的Clecim冷轧AFC系统的控制原理和控制特点作一介绍，并对实际的板形控制效果进行分析说明。1闭环反馈控制原理Clecim冷轧AFC系统的控制原理如图1所示，板形检测值与目标板形相比较得到板形误差分布，通过多变量优化控制求

First, this article introduced 2 grade of rotary kiln principle of work and the equipment, to rolled the circle mechanics behavior to carry on the analysis, proposed - rolled the circle - under roller's rotary kiln overall modelling based on the tube body - kiln liner - big tooth ring, to rolled the circle - under roller's contact stress to carry on the finite element analysis the method, and obtained rolled the circle contact stress the size and the distribution rule, finally indicated that rolled the circle contact stress mainly to have two main peak values and the sudden change in one week, appeared is rolling the circle and the under roller contact area; Then, rolls the circle the stress to regard as is the principal stress unknown plane stress test, the use quite mature modern test technology, proposed rolls the circle stress test the principle and the plan, and to rolled the circle the stress to carry on the scene test, the stress which the scene test analysis result and the finite element analysis calculated has compared, had proven the whole method modelling's finite element analysis method's rationality and rolled the circle - under roller contact stress the result accuracy; Finally, uses ANSYS APDL the re-development technology, in view of 2 grades of rotary kilns, rolled the circle - under roller contact stress the overall finite element analytic method to carry on the re-development.

首先，本文介绍了2档回转窑工作原理和装置，对滚圈的力学行为进行了分析，提出了基于筒体-窑衬-大齿圈-滚圈-托轮的回转窑整体建模，对滚圈-托轮的接触应力进行有限元分析的方法，并得到了滚圈接触应力的大小和分布规律，结果表明滚圈接触应力在一周内主要存在两个主要的峰值和突变，都出现在滚圈与托轮接触区域；然后，把滚圈的受力看成是主应力未知的平面应力的测试，利用比较成熟的现代测试技术，提出了滚圈应力测试的原理和方案，并对滚圈的应力进行了现场测试，现场测试分析结果与有限元分析计算出的应力相比较，证明了整体法建模的有限元分析方法的合理性和滚圈-托轮接触应力的结果的正确性；最后，利用ANSYS的APDL的二次开发技术，针对2档回转窑，就滚圈-托轮接触应力的整体有限元分析法进行了二次开发。

At first, the DC and AC characteristics of the HBT were studied theoretically. Then a voltage comparator was designed.

首先，分析了HBT的基本工作原理；然后比较详细地分析了ECL电压比较器的工作原理并进行了设计。

Using the one-atom theory, the electronic structures of Pt-electrocatalyst with fcc structure was determined as follows:(5dn)6.48 (5dc)2.02 (6sc)1.48(6sf)0.02. Compared to the result obtained by the first-principle method such as FP-LMTO, CASTEP, their results are in good agreement with each other. Comparing the calculations of physical properties such as lattice constants, cohesive energy and bulk modulus by OA method and first-principle method, the result obtained by OA method is in excellent agreement with experimental value, but the result obtained by first-principle method is not accordable. The relationship between the electronic structures and catalytic performance was explained qualitatively by OA method and first principle method according to its electronic structures. Because the d-orbital vacancies increases and static density is high around Fermi energy band, Pt has good catalytic performance.

摘 要：依据纯金属单原子理论确定面心立方结构电催化剂Pt的电子结构为(5dn)6.48(5dc)2.02-(6sc)1.48(6sf)0.02，与采用第一原理的FP-LMTO和CASTEP等方法所计算的电子结构相比较，其结果非常相近；由OA理论和第一原理方法计算的晶格常数、结合能、体弹性模量等物理参数进行比较，OA理论计算的结果与实验值较符合，而第一原理方法计算的结果与实验值相差较大；在此基础上用OA理论和第一原理方法研究了Pt的电子结构与催化性能的关系，由于d带空穴增多和费米能级附近态密度较高，导致金属Pt的催化性能很好。

In this paper, an electrical coordination device, first developed in China, is introduced.Two types of bivariant function generators are explained in detail

本文介绍了电气协联的构成、基本工作原理和特点；介绍了构成电气协联各环节的工作原理和参数选择方法；比较详细地介绍了两种双变量函数发生器的构成原理和实用电路；列举了有关的试验数据和曲线。

This dissertation consists of the following seven chapters:Chapter 1 presents a general commentarial description of the existing research literature.

本章在分析比较优势内涵和比较优势原理的基础上，主要论述了比较优势的来源以拓展比较优势理论，从而为研究比较优势理论在中国产业发展中的应用提供基本的理论框架和分析基础。

The innovations of this essay are following:Ⅰ, Completely investigating the theoretic introduction, practical application, and effects on investment administrant, and putting forward that China should transit gradually from dracon quantity regulation rules to prudent man rules;Ⅱ, Lucubrating the rational, negative effects, and experience tests of portfolio allocation regulation, performance regulation, and industry structure regulation of pension funds over OECD countries;Ⅲ, Analyzing the rational and sensibility of relative rate of return guarantees of pension plan, and advancing the scheme of rate of return guarantees of China;Ⅳ, First investigating the investment policy of pension plans globally using "contents analysis" over the world pension plans;Ⅴ, Lodging that portfolio diversification should be the most important risk management instrument, and presenting efficiency measure model of evaluating portfolio diversification of pension funds;Ⅵ, Lucubrating the optimal portfolio allocation model during accumulation phase and decumulation phase of pension funds; taking for that risky assets should decrease with time reducing during accumulation phase, but during decumulation risky assets should increase.

指出了本文研究的主要结论，以及研究的不足和未来研究的方向。本文研究的创新点在于：（1）从法和经济学的原理角度，全面研究了&审慎人&原则的理论解释、实践应用、对投资管理人行为影响的实证分析以及成功实施&审慎人&原则的因素分析，提出我国养老基金的投资管制应该逐步从严格的数量管制原则过渡到&审慎人&管制原则；（2）深入研究了养老基金的资产配置管制、业绩管制和产业结构管制的基本原理、负面效应、实证检验等，以及对OECD国家的国际比较；（3）研究了养老金计划的相对收益率担保的基本原理，并对其作用机制进行了敏感性分析，提出了我国收益率担保机制设计的方案；（4）首次采用&内容分析法&对国际范围内的养老金计划的投资政策进行了研究，找出了投资政策应该包含的关键要素；（5）提出组合多样化是最重要的风险控制手段，并给出了衡量养老基金组合多样化程度的效率评价模型；（6）深入研究了养老基金积累阶段和缩减阶段的最优资产配置的数量模型，认为在积累阶段对风险资产的投资应该随着时间减少，而在缩减阶段，风险资产应随着时间增加。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。