比较函数

Combining the definition of CWT and the derivative property of convolution, we constructed a general method to calculate the approximate derivative of signal through CWT by using the first and second derivative of Gaussian function, Haar, and the first derivative of three-order-Spline function as wavelets. As compared with the other approaches of calculating derivative, which include the numerical differentiation, polynomial filters, Fourier transform, and the recently proposed DWT method, fast calculation and simple mathematical operation were remarkable advantages of CWT method. For the signal corrupted by severe noise (Signal-toNoise Ratio=5), the satisfactory results could also obtained via CWT method through appropriately adiusting the dilations.

在此基础上，(1)结合连续小波变换的特点和卷积的微分性质，提出了使用Gaussian函数的一阶和二阶导数，Haar和三次样条函数的一阶导数作为小波函数的连续小波变换计算信号近似导数的一般性方法，与其他导数计算方法(包括数字微分法，多项式滤波法，Fourier变换法和离散小波变换法)相比，本法简单便捷，计算速度快，对于噪声含量较高的信号(S/N为5)，只要适当调节尺度即可获得比较满意的结果。

The primary work of this paper includes: 1 The general process and the fundamental theory of genetic algorithm is introduced systematically, which is also be applied to an example; 2 The penalty function method and the constraint tournament method are introduced in the paper, which are used to process the constraint limit. Via analyzing the basic principle of NSGA-II ,which is elaborated in the paper, the fast non- dominated sorting method, congestion distance and its comparison operator, the elite strategy and the main process of NSGA-II is researched particularly. 3 Via modeling the fire distribution problem, the model is computed by the algorithm of NSGA-II, which is combined with both the penalty function method and the restraint league tournament method The optimization of two goals are also realized in the paper. The results derived from the VC++6.0 indicate that, two algorithms both have the high convergence, simultaneously the Pareto optimal solution also maintain the variety of distribution.

本文所作的主要工作如下：系统地介绍了遗传算法的一般流程和基本理论，并应用于一个函数优化的实例；研究了用于处理约束限制的罚函数法和约束联赛法，论述了NSGA-II的基本原理，并对其提出的快速非支配排序法、拥挤度及其比较算子、精英策略及NSGA-II的主要流程作了详细的研究；建立了火力分配问题的模型，并将NSGA-II算法分别与罚函数法和约束联赛法相结合对该模型进行了计算，实现了对两个目标的最优化；用VC++6.0编程计算后所得的结果表明，两种算法均具有很好的收敛性，同时Pareto最优解也保持了好的多样性分布。

This article compared the integrand of infinite integral and unbounded function integral by comparing the infinitesimal with the infinity, obtained the corresponding equivalence theorem of criterion of convergence of abnormal integral, and gave out the proof.

将无穷积分及无界函数积分的被积函数运用无穷小和无穷大比较的方法进行比较，得到了相应的反常积分敛散性极限审敛法的等价定理，并给予证明，从而可运用等价定理灵活的判断反常积分的敛散性。

This paper study the character and application of the solution of BSDE, the main results include: for the second kind of BSDE, the existence and uniqueness of the solution under non-Lipschitz condition, comparison theorem and stability are established , under weaker condition , the existence of the minimal and maximal solution is proved and the application in stochastic control and utility function is given; for the first kind of BSDE, under weaker condition , the existence of minimal and maximal solution .stability, comparison theorem and application to utility function are proved.

本文研究倒向随机微分方程解的性质及其应用，主要结果有：针对第二类方程，讨论了在非Lipschitz条件下倒向随机微分方程解的存在唯一性，比较定理及稳定性等，在更弱条件下，得到了倒向随机微分方程的最大解和最小解的存在性，在此基础之上，给出了在随机控制及效用函数方面的应用；针对第一类方程，同样在较弱条件下，证明了方程最大、最小解的存在性、稳定性、比较定理及其在效用函数的应用。

This paper study the character and application of the solution of BSDE, the main results include: for the second kind of BSDE, the existence and uniqueness of the solution under non-Lipschitz condition, comparison theorem and stability are established , under weaker condition , the existence of the minimal and maximal solution is proved and the application in stochastic control and utility function is given; for the first kind of BSDE, under weaker condition , the existence of minimal and maximal solution .stability, comparison theorem and application to utilityfunction are proved.

本文研究倒向随机微分方程解的性质及其应用，主要结果有：针对第二类方程，讨论了在非Lipschitz条件下倒向随机微分方程解的存在唯一性，比较定理及稳定性等，在更弱条件下，得到了倒向随机微分方程的最大解和最小解的存在性，在此基础之上，给出了在随机控制及效用函数方面的应用；针对第一类方程，同样在较弱条件下，证明了方程最大、最小解的存在性、稳定性、比较定理及其在效用函数的应用。

Comparisons are made between the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, the modified Henyey-Greenstein phase function, the direct sample phase function presented in this paper and the polydisperse Mie phase function.

比较了H-G相函数、改进的H-G相函数及随机抽样拟合的相函数与多分散系Mie相函数的偏离程度。

To simplify the comparison of symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers, through the analysis to the satisfactory degree function of fuzzy numbers presented by Tanak, a simple and convenient formula for comparing two symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers is presented, and the limitation of the formula presented by Liu Xinwang is proved.

为简化正规三角模糊数的比较。通过分析Tanaka提出的模糊数比较的满意度函数，得到了2个正规三角模糊数比较的简便公式；指出了刘新旺提出的模糊数比较公式的局限性。

We reconverted the result from int back to a float so that you can visu- alize the results more clearly when compared to the output of the other two functions.

下面的例子用四个正数和四个负数作为这三个函数的参数，将返回结果列在一起做个比较。（为了便于比较，我们将int函数的返回值也转换成了浮点数）。

We reconverted the result from int back to a float so that you can visu- alize the results more clearly when compared to the output of the other two functions.

的例子用四个正数和四个负数作为这三个函数的参数，将返回结果列在一起做个比较。（为了便于比较，我们将int函数的返回值也转换成了浮点数）。

The first-part of this paper evaluates the main stability theories concerned and concludes the conceptualization steps and essentials covering the various methods. Different disturbed-measure functions are studied in terms of their formulations and characteristics. Both Lyapunov functions and TEFs can be constructed only in a heuristic way of case-by-case. Ignoring changes in the disturbed-measure function's value after clearing the fault, Lyapunov functions and TEFs are applicable to neither nonautonomous one-machine infinite-bus systems nor any multimachine systems. Moreover, TEFs cannot guarantee the sign of errors because they don't satisfy the conditions for Lyapunov functions.

作为第1篇，文中归纳出这3种方法的共同分析步骤和要素，并比较各种受扰程度函数，指出：李雅普诺夫函数和TEF的建立都必须从具体模型出发并只能依靠启发的方式，它们没有考虑受扰程度函数的值在故障清除后的变化，因此既不适用于复杂模型的单机系统，也不适用于任何多机系统；又由于这2种方法都基于很强的假设，故分析的误差可能非常大，而TEF法更是由于不满足李雅普诺夫函数的条件而可能得到冒进的结果。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。