比较函数

A 3-D EVP model is generalized from the 1-D EVP model according to the rule of Lagrange's dissipative rate function occurring in the 1-D EVP model. Compared with experimental data obtained from consolidation-undrained triaxial shear creep test, the present 3-D EVP model is verified to be valid.

参照一维EVP模型的Lagrange耗散率函数所呈现出来的规律，把一维EVP模型推广到三维EVP模型，并与三轴不排水剪切蠕变试验数据相比较，验证了本文三维EVP模型的合理性。

To discriminate the existence of indeterminate form s double limit to binary function is a relatively difficult question.

判定二元函数f的未定式二重极限的存在性是一个比较困难的问题。

The linear function applicable scope is broad, when the reservoir turnover water volume and the time, the student leaves the staircase mouth population and the time and the time and the motion communication speech spends the comparison and so on the relational question has the important application;The study linear function, may deepen in the life the linear question understanding and the understanding, is helpful in solves some simple function problem; The linear function some problem solving method has the universality in mathematics, the linear function related theory may use for to solve some other mathematics problem, For instance the dual linear equation group, a Yuan inequality, a Yuan quadratic equation most value question and some complex mathematics question, the light is studies the linear function the theory is insufficient, the key is can utilize actual the linear function goes is our final goal.

一次函数的适用范围广，在蓄水池的进出水量与时间、学生出楼梯口人数与时间与时间和移动通讯的话费比较等的关系问题时均有重要的应用；学习一次函数，可以加深生活中线性问题的认识与理解，有助于解决一些简单的函数问题；一次函数的一些解题方法在数学中具有普遍性，一次函数的有关理论可以用来解决一些其它的数学问题，比如二元一次方程组、一元一次不等式、一元二次方程的最值问题及一些复杂的数学问题，光是学习一次函数的理论是不够的，关键是能把一次函数运用到实际中去才是我们最终的目的。

In this paper, the nonexistence of the closed orbit which circles the equilibrium is proved by using the Dulac function, then all the orbits of the system are bounded by the Filippov transformation and comparability theorem.

本文利用Dulac函数法，首先判定了不存在绕平衡点的闭轨线，然后利用Filippov变换和比较定理，证明了系统所有轨线的有界性，进而得到了平衡点是全局渐近稳定的。

Firstly, we consider SIQR epidemical models with continuous and pulse vaccinations; the reproduction numbers have been obtained for those models; by using Dulac function, we prove the global stabilities of equilibrium of SIQR model with continuous vaccination. In the SIQR epidemical models with pulse vaccinations, we have also discussed the existence of the infection-free periodic solution, the global stabilities of the infection-free periodic solutions, and the effectiveness of pulse vaccination and continuous vaccination policies has been compared for the two models.

文中首先考虑具有连续免疫接种和脉冲免疫接种的SIQR传染病模型，分别获得了它们各自的基本再生数；利用Dulac函数方法证明了具有连续免疫接种的SIQR模型无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性；在脉冲免疫接种下SIQR传染病模型里，讨论了无病周期解的存在性，证明了该周期解的全局渐近稳定性，并且对连续和脉冲接种下的SIQR传染病模型的接种效率进行了比较。

The most important thing in this part is to edit the callback function of all kinds of button.

这其中的要点是软件每一个界面各种不同的按钮的回调函数的编制，以及选择比较方便、直观的结构达到便于使用者使用和观察输出数据的目的。

Namely, we discrete some function surfaces including sphere, elliptic paraboloid and hyperboloid paraboloid as samples, and give the error estimation in order to compare, analyze and explain results.

我们以离散型函数曲面（包括球面，椭球面，双曲抛物面）作为样本，对各种方法的实验结果进行误差统计和分析比较。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

As to the linear minimax estimators of estimable function in the linear model, Xu Xingzhong and Yu Shenghua have done some improved research.

对于线性模型可估函数的线性Minimax估计问题，徐兴忠、喻胜华等已作出了比较完善的研究。

The variance of stress about particular points that situate on the edge where maximum stress point locates as the object function, we introduce complex method to optimize the position of exterior load point about pylon along the voyage direction and the angle between anti-swing stop and right-and-left symmetry plane about pylon under the determinate loads. We also compare the unoptimizable stress curves with the optimized to validate the feasibility and correctness of the optimization method.

将挂架上最大内应力点所在棱边的特征点的内应力方差作为目标函数，采用复合形方法对一定载荷状态下，挂架外载荷点沿航向的位置及防摆止动器与挂架左、右对称面间的夹角进行了优化设计，并将优化前、后的内应力曲线进行比较，验证了优化方法的可行性、正确性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。