比较函数

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

Paper studies the practical stability of electricity market models by tools, for example, the appropriate structure Lyapunov functions, Cauchy matrix, the matrix measure, constant variation. Judging practical stability sufficient conditions and estimating formula of ultimate convergence boundary are provided. Conditions are descriptive by coefficients of models. At the same time, paper studies the Lyapunov stability of the electricity market. As well as the sufficient conditions of judging electricity market Lyapunov stability are provided. Some of conclusions improved the results of Alvarado and others. The conclusion of Lyapunov stability has made a comparative with practical results.

首次将实用稳定性理论和方法应用于电力市场稳定性的研究中，借助于构造合适的Lyapunov函数、柯西矩阵、矩阵测度、常数变易法等工具，系统研究了所建电力市场模型的实用稳定性，得到了用模型的系数来描述其实用稳定性的一系列判定条件和最终收敛边界的估计公式；同时对电力市场的Lyapunov稳定性进行了研究，得到了电力市场稳定性的若干判据，部分结论改进了Alvarado等人的结果；随后将Lyapunov稳定的结果与实用稳定进行了比较。

In 10-20s period band, the sources of ambient seismic noise has a very clear seasonal variability.

由于短周期面波强烈的衰减和吸收效应，提取出的这一周期段的瑞利面波格林函数的信噪比较低。

Our experiments demonstrated that norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictive force, in rat aorta, was obviously modulated by temperature.

实验结果表明：在三种不同温度下，函数式中的常数X1间比较有显著性差异，P＜0.01；常数X2间比较无显著性差异，P＞0.05。

Struct audit_buffer *audit_log_startstruct audit_context *ctx, gfp_t gfp_mask,{ struct audit_buffer *ab = NULL;struct timespec t;unsigned int serial;int reserve;unsigned long timeout_start = jiffies;if (!audit_initializedreturn NULL

函数audit_filter_type将审计事件值与规则域的值比较，返回逻辑比较结果，即审计事件值符合规则域的定义，则表示不需要查看这个审计事件，返回值为1，否则为0。

Comparison studies have been performed concerning of dynamic amplification factor β and power spectrum density function (approximately estimated from design spectra) between Eurocode 8 and primary seismic design codes of China.

用动力放大系数β对欧洲规范(Eurocode 8)和我国主要抗震设计规范的设计谱进行比较；并对由欧洲规范和我国主要抗震设计规范设计谱估计出的功率谱密度函数作了比较。

This paper compared the Covalency - Effect and the Nephelauxetic - Effect, applied these two methods in the absorption spectra of DMS Zn1- xMnxTe, and found that both methods can gain fine results. But the results by applying the Nephelauxetic - Effect modifying factor to modify the radial wave functions are much closer to the experimental values.

该文对共价效应和电子云延伸效应在处理稀磁半导体的吸收光谱方面的应用做了详细的比较，并分别应用到了稀磁半导体Zn-xMnxTe上，虽然两种处理方法都能够得出比较好的结果，但用电子云延伸效应修正因子修正波函数得出的结果与实验更为接近。

The signals during transformer impulse test are considered to be evolving in time, also is non-stationary signals, so we can design a software algorithm for noise reduction based on discrete Gabor transform, and the basic principle is: The Gabor coefficients of Effective signals during transformer impulse test is centralized in the time frequency range, and the peak-to-peak value is big, whereas the noise Gabor coefficient distribute in the entire time frequency range equally, the peak-to-peak value is small, we can realize the desired signal and the noise separated through frequency mask function.

考虑到冲击试验中的信号都是时变信号，也就是非平稳信号，因此设计了一种基于离散GABOR变换的软件滤波算法对冲击信号进行滤波，其滤波理论依据是：有效信号的Gabor系数在时频域分布比较集中，幅值比较大，噪声的Gabor系数均匀分布于整个时频域，幅值较小，通过构造时频掩模函数来实现有效信号与噪声的分离。

Compared with analytic function, numerical data results a more precise distributing, especially for the klystrons which have narrow gaps and big size beams. In addition, The mathematical basis of AZIMUTH is a finite-difference method on squares, which results that the gap field distributing is closely correlated to cavity structure.

与分析函数相比，该分布根据不同谐振腔不同的形状，给出了间隙场径向和轴向上的差异，大大的提高了计算的准确性，特别是对于间隙比较窄，电子注半径比较大的管子来说，是非常有意义的。

Here is numcmp, which compares two strings on a leading numeric value, computed by calling atof

这里介绍的函数numcmp也是比较两个字符串，但它通过调用atof计算字符串对应的数值，然后在此基础上进行比较

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。