比及

Analyzing the change of DH, PCL and active calcium, and selecting each of best method. The results:(1) Dealing with the bone under high pressure ①High content of protein in sheep bone or bone soup:0.05MPa, 2h, 1:2;②Low amino acids in bone powder:0.13MPa, 4h, 1:3; Low amino acids in bone soup: 0.10MPa, 3h, 1:4;(2) Hydrolysis the bone soup with enzymes ①High content of calcium: neutral enzyme, 1500u/L, 6h;②High DH: pancreatic enzyme, 1:100, 6h;③ Low PCL: Pancreatic enzyme, 1:125, 6h; High PCL: alkalescency enzyme,

结果表明：A、高压①骨粉及骨汤蛋白质含量最高：压力为0.05MPa，高压2.0h，骨水比为1：2；②骨粉中氨态氮最低：压力0.13MPa，高压4.0h，骨水比为1：3；骨汤中氨态氮最低：0.10MPa，3.0h，骨水比1：4；B、酶解①游离钙含量最高：中性蛋白酶，酶浓度1500u/L，酶解6h；②水解度最高：胰蛋白酶，酶浓度1：100，酶解6h；③PCL值最低：胰蛋白酶，酶浓度1：125，酶解6h；PCL值最高：碱性蛋白酶，酶浓度1500u/L，酶解8h。

The results:(1) Dealing with the bone under high pressure ① High content of protein in sheep bone or bone soup:0.05MPa, 2h, 1:2;② Low amino acids in bone powder:0.13MPa, 4h, 1:3; Low amino acids in bone soup: 0.10MPa, 3h, 1:4;(2) Hydrolysis the bone soup with enzymes ① High content of calcium: neutral enzyme, 1500u/L, 6h;② High DH: pancreatic enzyme, 1:100, 6h;③ Low PCL: Pancreatic enzyme, 1:125, 6h; High PCL: alkalescency enzyme,

结果表明： A 、高压①骨粉及骨汤蛋白质含量最高：压力为0.05MPa ，高压2.0h ，骨水比为1：2；②骨粉中氨态氮最低：压力0.13MPa ，高压4.0h ，骨水比为1：3；骨汤中氨态氮最低：0.10MPa ，3.0h ，骨水比1：4； B 、酶解①游离钙含量最高：中性蛋白酶，酶浓度1500u/L ，酶解6h ；②水解度最高：胰蛋白酶，酶浓度1：100，酶解6h ；③ PCL 值最低：胰蛋白酶，酶浓度1：125，酶解6h ； PCL 值最高：碱性蛋白酶，酶浓度1500u/L ，酶解8h 。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

On the other hand, the hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity was obviously inhibited 2 hours after administration of the same dose of SY-801 and SY-640, while the content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was not affected.

体外实验表明，SY-801和SY-640对正常小鼠、3-甲基胆蒽（3-MC）处理小鼠及苯巴比妥处理小鼠小鼠肝微粒体氨基比林脱甲基酶活性都具有明显的抑制作用，其中对3-MC处理小鼠肝微粒体氨基比林脱甲基酶活性抑制作用最显著。

Methods On the conditions of strong acid and calefaction,urea can react on antipyrine and diacetyl monoxime and become yellow which can be determined by colorimetric analysis in 450 nm with the ALLIANCE FUTURA continuous flow injection auto analysis system.

方法根据尿素在强酸和加热条件下与安替比林及二乙酰一肟反应呈黄色，在450nm比色定量的原理，选用FUTURA流动注射分析仪对游泳池水中的尿素进行测定，进行余氯干扰试验，并将该方法与二乙酰一肟安替比林法进行比较。

In my thesis, it outlines the background and process of the story, the style and feature of Merimee and the the script which abridged and developed contents and characters. The second aims at the musical analysis of the opera "Carmen" by Bizet, mainly according to the order of the opera and attaching the important music scores. The third is the character analysis of Carmen, the heroine of the opera, and Escamillo, the toreador which has been enriched and magnified by the author of the script. And the focus is the analysis, understanding and figure of the toreador which I have performed. In the last part of the thesis, it tells the scene of the opera and the relationship with the figures of the roles in the opera. And it also compares a variety of famous singers who has performed the toreador and puts on some of my points of view.

文中概述了小说产生的历史背景及经过、梅里美的风格特色及脚本对原作情节上、人物设置上的增删及发展等；其次为对出诸比才天才手笔的歌剧《卡门》音乐的分析，基本上按幕顺序论述并附重要的谱例；第三个重点是对剧中女主人公卡门及由脚本作者丰富、放大了的斗牛士埃斯卡米欧的人物性格分析，而把重点放在作者学习过的斗牛士形象的剖析、理解和塑造上；最后简要地阐述了歌剧场景与人物形象塑造的关系，前者对后者所可能产生的帮助，并对不同歌唱家所演绎的斗牛士形象作了比较和评价，提出了自己的看法。

Two specieses, Lycoris radiate and Lycoris aurea, were selected for the studying of artificial propagation in vitro. A few specieses of Lycoris, from the southeast area of China and part of locations in Japan, were chosen to research their karyotype differentiation and to measure their genetic diversity by ISSR analysis. The results could be summarized as follows.1. The vegetative propagation conditions of Lycoris aurea and L. radiate in vitro was studied by two-scaling. Different illuminate condition had an effect on the bulblet formation rate. To the species of L. radiate, the rate was higher in the state of 16h 800-12001x illumination than in the darkness. The medium also affected the new bulblet formating rate. When the culture was MS medium 0.2 mg/L NAA 4 mg/L 6-BA, the bulblet formationg rate of L. aurea was 220%;at the same time, when the medium was MS 0.2 mg/L NAA 2 mg/L 6-BA, the rate of L.

本研究选择西南部分地区及日本的几个石蒜品种，从细胞学和DNA分子角度，分析了它们的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构状况，对红花石蒜和忽地笑的离体繁殖技术进行了初步研究，得出如下结论： 1 进行了红花石蒜和黄花石蒜双鳞片快速繁殖条件的研究，结果表明：红花石蒜在16小时800-1200 lx光照下比黑暗条件下出芽率要高；黄花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA4mg／L下出芽率为220％，红花石蒜在MS NAA0.2mg／L 6-BA2mg／L下出芽率为108％；NAA比IBA有利于石蒜生根；硅藻土显著提高黄花石蒜双鳞片出芽率，活性炭起抑制作用；6％蔗糖浓度有利于红花石蒜小鳞茎增重，MS 6-BA4mg／L NAA0.5mg／L培养基有利于小鳞茎增殖，切割一刀比两刀有利于小鳞茎增殖。

There is a small action range in archery.Simple methods and analysis is inadequate,so the author,on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system,Footscan sole pressure testing system,Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc,analyzes comprehensively the action technique of the athletes in national team from the posture,body motion characteristics,body posture equilibrium and stability,distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics,etc,with the methods of relative software and data statistics.The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows:Conclusion:Firstly,the communality of posture angle,muscle strength,the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery;Secondly,the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn\'t be used as technique evaluation index since it has no relation with the result.But the time of raising and pulling back the row is relatively fixed,and the time has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China.Thirdly,the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement.During playing archery,the interrelation between the central index of the sole pressure and the achievement is different individually and in different periods.Fourthly,there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes\' posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes..Fifthly,kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven\'t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously.

射箭的肢体动作幅度小，简单的手段和分析不能满足其需要，笔者结合各种运动生物力学仪器优点及射箭项目的特性，选用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行多方位的测试，运用相关软件及数理统计方法，对运动员的射箭动作技术，从射箭动作的姿态构架、肢体运动特点，身体姿态平衡稳定性、足底压力中心分布、肌电特性等进行全面分析，结论及建议如下：结论：第一，姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术动作评价指标；第二，各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标，但举、开弓的时间相对较固定，开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正弱相关达到显著性；第三，闭眼状态下足底压力中心单位面积轨迹长与144支箭最好成绩正相关达到显著性，可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据；实射时身体平衡的足底压力中心指标与成绩的相关程度具有个体性差异、阶段性差异；第四，射箭运动员实射时身体在前后方向上的稳定性较差，这与运动员的站立姿态、腹背肌力量的不匹配以及射箭没有专业运动鞋有关；第五，运动学及肌电学都表明中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够，背部肌肉用力特征不明显，撒放技术合理性不高。

The morphology, size and signal of nerve root, nerve ganglion, nerve trunk and femoral nerve, were observed. The brachyaxis and nerve-muscle signal ratio of right L4 nerve root, nerve gatiglion and nerve trunk were measured.

正常组观测腰2~5神经根、神经节及神经干、股神经的形态、大小及信号；GBS及CIDP组观察神经及其周围的改变，测量右侧腰4神经根、神经节、神经干及股神经的短轴径线及神经肌肉信号比。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。