比例性

It begins by articulating four criteria for evaluating a rationale of the charitable exemption: deservedness, incorporating the elements of worth and need; proportionality; universality; and historical consistency.

它从4大标准开始，阐述了慈善性税收豁免的理由：理所当然性，加上值得和必要；成比例性；普遍性；以及历史沿袭性。

This passage exemplifies the prevailing approach among the British judiciary: the whole issue in the case is gently and deftly translated into the language of proportionality and balance - and who would argue against this, in favor of disproportionally or imbalance?

这段话反映了当前中英司法的方法：在整个案件的问题是温和及灵巧地翻译成比例性和平衡的语言-会说，谁反对这一点，赞成或特别严重失衡？

A data collection at the 3rd week of the postpartum period included 512 postpartum women. They were recruited in the study using proportional stratified quota sampling by birth rate from clinics and hospitals in Kaohsiung City in the southern part of Taiwan.

研究资料在产后第三周进行收集，以南台湾的高雄市医院和诊所的新生儿出生率为依据，采用比例性分层取样法，共计512位产妇参与本研究。

In case of a main sponsor: The expenses for the central government and city should be reduced proportionally.

在有主要赞助者的状况下，来自中央政府以及市府的经费应当进行比例性的删减。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

In the suitableness or unsuitableness, in the proportion or disproportion which the affection seems to bear to the cause or object which excites it, consists the propriety or impropriety, the decency or ungracefulness of the consequent action.

情感给激发出情感的原因、对象产生出的适当性、不适当性，成比例性、不成比例性，包含了正确性或不正确性，结果的得体性或不得体性。

From the point of legislation,our criminal detention period system exits some defects:the regulation's dependency and disintegrality;long detention period;the unproportionating between the detention period and suspected crime;the procedure of prolonging detention period unpublicized;the legislation of recounting detention time too unspecific.etc.

从立法上看，我国刑事羁押期限制度有诸多缺陷：规定的依附性和不完整性；羁押期限较长；羁押期限与涉嫌犯罪的非比例性；决定羁押期限延长程序的不公开；重新计算羁押期限的立法过于原则等等。

Short-term Cardiorespiratory Effects of Proportional Assist and Pressure-support Ventilation in Patients with Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

比例性辅助和压力支持通气对急性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者心脏呼吸功能的短期作用。

Still, the definition, operationalization, and classification of these concepts have all been criticized. In addition, when used in Cross-countries studies there have been glaring methodological errors. Furthermore, at the national level, electoral formula and district magnitude have only limited influence on disproportionality.

不过，本文研究发现：这些概念在界定、运作化与分类等方面都有争议；而且学者们所从事的跨国性比较研究，在方法论上也有明显的缺失；再者，当选规则与选举区规模，对全国层次选举结果不比例性的影响属次要因素，只有间接作用。

Hence, the result of election in 2008 got unbalance between governability and proportionality. This article tends to measure the degree of disproportionality by Loosemore-Hanby index from 1992 to 2008 and tries to explain how disproportionality occurred from five dimensions－district magnitude, levels of seat allocation, threshold, number of total seats, and ballot structure.

本文的研究目的即是重拾对比例性的视野，透过Loosemore-Hanby D指数测量选制改革前后的比例性偏差程度，检视1992至2008年间比例性偏差数值的变化，并从五个面向－选区规模、席次分配、法定门槛、席次总数、选票结构－解释比例性偏差发生的原因，发现所有的选制设计皆不利於比例性，导致新选制的比例性偏差与旧制度产生极大的落差。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。