比例代表制

If therefore the executive, who has the power of convoking the legislative, observing rather the true proportion, than fashion of representation, regulates, not by old custom, but true reason, the number of members, in all places that have a right to be distinctly represented, which no part of the people however incorporated can pretend to, but in proportion to the assistance which it affords to the public, it cannot be judged to have set up a new legislative, but to have restored the old and true one, and to have rectified the disorders which succession of time had insensibly, as well as inevitably introduced: For it being the interest as well as intention of the people, to have a fair and equal representative; whoever brings it nearest to that, is an undoubted friend to, and establisher of the government, and cannot miss the consent and approbation of the community; prerogative being nothing but a power, in the hands of the prince, to provide for the public good, in such cases, which depending upon unforeseen and uncertain occurrences, certain and unalterable laws could not safely direct; whatsoever shall be done manifestly for the good of the people, and the establishing the government upon its true foundations, is, and always will be, just prerogative.

所以，如果拥有召集立法权力的执行权力，遵从真正的比例而不是代表制的表面形式，根据真正的理性而不是旧的习俗来管理所有有权利被清楚的代表的地方的代表人数，这种代表人数任何地方都不能自我宣称，而必须与它提供给公众的支持相称，这不能被认为是建立了一种新的立法权力，而是恢复了旧的和真正的立法权力，并矫正了由于时间流逝不知不觉所继承的和不可避免的引入所产生的混乱：因为既然拥有公正和平等的代表机构是人们的利益和意图所在；无论是谁使它更接近这一目标，谁便无可置疑的是这样的政府的朋友和奠基者，并不会得不到共同体的同意和许可；特殊权力也仅仅是一种权力，在取决于无法预见和不确定的事件的情况下，确定的和不可变更的法律不能安全的引导，于是君主行使它来为公众的利益服务；无论做什么，只要明显的是为人们的利益并将政府建于它真正的基础之上，是并且总是正当的特殊权力。

C. the central gov't gets what it wants: disuniting the non-executive political power successfully by adapting the system of proportional representation, results in that the disunited Legco has little power to check the executive branch and it helps a executive-led gov't

三是中央政府已达到以比例代表制分化在野政治力量，从而强化行政主导的目的。大家可见不仅泛民，连建制派也互相撕杀，混乱程度远超七国大封相。政党之间四分五裂，不能团结一致，哪里能有效发挥立法机关齐心制衡和监察行政权力的角色？

Mixed or Hybrid electoral system, a combination of single-member district with plurality and proportional representation, has drawn a lot of attention from all over the world in the past few years.

迩来以融合「单一选区多数决制」与「比例代表制」两种选制精神的「混合式选制」，深受各界的重视。

A very important measure in constitutional revolution is devolution. Then central government granted many powers to Scotland, Wales, North Ireland and Great London, and established a parliament and assemblies there, namely Scotland parliament, National Assembly of Wales, Northern Ireland Assembly and London Assembly. In addition, New Labour government introduced Single Transferable Vote and Additional Member System, a hybrid voting system of first-past-the-post and proportional representation, in the devolved institutions elections.

改革中极其重要的一项就是对地方实行权力下放，为此，新工党政府授予了苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰及大伦敦地区诸多权力，在这几个地区设立了议会，即苏格兰议会、威尔士国民议会、北爱尔兰议会和大伦敦议会，并在这几个地方议会的选举中引入了单一可转移投票制和简单多数制与比例代表制相混合的联立投票制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。