毒素的

In this thesis, using the PSP-producing dinoflagellate A/exandrium tarnarense, the technology on seperation and purification of PSP toxins have been studied and developed.

本文通过大量培养塔玛亚历山大藻来提取PSP毒素，完善了毒素的分离纯化过程，并对纯化毒素的活性进行了研究和探讨。

Purification and analysis of AT-toxin Firstly, we detected the components of protein and nonprotein, the results showed that AT-toxin is a nonprotein. We have carried out the liquid chromatogram analysis of the toxin. The result indicates that there are many components in this toxin and there are four kinds of components which content is more than others. At last, we have the experiment of separating the cpmpositions with the silica gel and we get four components which are active.

AT-毒素的初步纯化与分析为确定AT-毒素的组分，首先对毒素的蛋白质和非蛋白质组分的毒性进行了测定，结果表明：AT-毒素活性组分为非蛋白质；对毒素进行硅胶G薄层层析，初步分离得到10种组分，其中四种组分具有活性：组分Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ，初步说明了该毒素含有多种组分；进一步对该毒素进行液相色谱分析，也发现该毒素含多种组分，其中四种组分峰高和峰面积较大，含量较高；其致毒活性可能是由这些组分协同作用的结果，它们之间可能存在正协同或负协同作用关系。

The principal purpose of this study is to set up the isolation methods for diphtheria toxin expressed by genes, to purify the toxin with complete biological activities, and to make researches on its toxicities. In the experiments, the target gene was inserted into the cloning vectors--pET22b, then the vectors were introduced into host cells -BL21(DE3). The expression of the toxin was induced by addition of IPTG. The expression products were purified by His-6 label affinity chromatography. Then the diphtheria toxin expressed was transferred to PVC membrane using semidry blotter to determine the amino acid sequence of N-terminal. The "nicked" diphtheria toxin linked by disulfide bond was gained by protease hydrolysis.

为建立重组基因表达白喉毒素的分离纯化方法，制备出具有生物活性的蛋白质毒素，构建了白喉毒素表达载体pET22b-DT，并转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达，以融合表达的His-6作为标签通过亲和层析纯化；表达毒素经蛋白酶酶切后，形成了以二硫键连接的与天然结构相同的带"缺口"的白喉毒素，并测定白喉毒素对豚鼠的急性毒性和细胞毒性。

Specifically, we will (1) perform electrophysiological study on the interaction of CTXs with cardiomyocytes stripped of specific GAGs,(2) study the binding of CTXs from spitting cobra venom with corneal tissue and examine the possible involvement of GAGs in the disruption of regular superstructure of collagen fibril and (3) examine the role of polyproline peptide sequence of P-type CTXs in the lytic action of CTXs. The results of this study will not only help delineate the mechanism of cobra CTXs, a long standing problem in the toxicity of cobra venom, but also suggest a new approach to develop CTXs into a potential drug for cancer.

本计划将进行：心脏细胞在去除醣胺基前后的电生理研究及比较了解心脏毒素与眼角膜的结合情形，并探讨醣胺基在维持眼角膜透明度所扮演的角色探讨P形心脏毒素中所含脯胺酸对细胞溶离能力的影响我们预期本研究将可对心脏毒素的作用机制有深入的了解，并寄望在未来能利用所了解的新作用机制，将心脏毒素发展成能控制癌症的新药方。

The spore could germinate in 5-35℃,the optimum temperature was 25℃.The bioassay of toxin used seeding and young leaves because it could cause the evident symptom rapidly and sensitively. The toxin produced by A, tenuis Nees could change the function of the toxin on the POD, SOD and PAL was identical to A.

病原菌毒素的生测采用寄主植物切根苗、幼嫩叶片比较直观、灵敏；毒素对寄主植物膜透性有伤害作用，引起膜功能紊乱；毒素和病原菌对枸杞叶片处理后，对POD、SOD、PAL酶活性的影响有很大相似性。

In this dissertation, firstly, the conditions of isolation and purification of specific toxin fractions produced by Exserohilum turcicum has been studied, and a high-efficient method has been established;secondly, the toxins were analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry;then the effect of specific toxin on death rate of corn leaves protoplast was studied by FDA as a tinct reagent;finally, using ANS as a probe and SDS-PAGE to study the membrane protein of the corn leaves with Htl gene. In a word, the aim of the research is to search some existent evidences of the toxin binding site on protoplasmic membrane, and provide proofs for nosogenesis of specific toxin in terms of cytology and the molecular biology.

本研究对玉米大斑病菌1号小种毒素的特异性组分进行分离，建立了高效的特异性毒素分离纯化方法，并对其进行了紫外波谱分析；用荧光素双醋酸酯染色法，测定了毒素特异性组分对原生质体死亡率的影响；进而用1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸荧光探针标记法和SDS-PAGE电泳法对特异性毒素组分与Htl基因玉米细胞互作过程中的质膜蛋白进行了研究，旨在证明Htl基因玉米细胞质膜上存在特异性毒素组分结合蛋白，为从细胞和分子生物学角度阐明毒素的致病机理提供证据。

The book comprehensively reviews the molecular and cellular biology of the most important microbial toxins with a focus on recent advances in the field, covering topics such as toxin ADP-ribosylation of proteins, toxin inhibition of protein synthesis, modulation of actin cytoskeleton, cytolethal distending toxins, cell-damaging/pore-forming toxins, clostridial neurotoxins, toxins of the immune system, streptococcal and staphylococcal toxins, anthrax toxins, Shiga toxin, Yersinia toxin, mycotoxins, and the regulation of toxin expression, as well as the potential of microbial toxins in bioterrorism.

该书全面评论了最重要的微生物毒素的分子与细胞生物学，重点是这一领域中的最新进展，主题包括蛋白质毒素ADP核糖基化，毒素抑制蛋白质合成，肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调控，细胞致死增加毒素，细胞损伤/孔状毒素，梭菌属的神经毒素，免疫系统的毒素，链球菌和葡萄球菌毒素，炭疽毒素，Shiga毒素，Yersinia毒素，毒枝菌素，和毒素表达调节，以及生物恐怖中微生物毒素的潜在可能性。

Conus is one group of the tropical carnivorous marine molluscs belonging to the mollusk gate gastropoda prosobranchia stenoglossa branch conidae family. The venom from cone snails contains a diverse mixture of pharmacological agents, mostly small, disulfide-rich structurally constrained peptides.

芋螺属于软体动物门腹足纲前鳃亚纲狭舌目的芋螺科，是一类能分泌有毒毒素的肉食性热带海洋软体动物，其分泌的毒素称为芋螺毒素（Conotoxin，CTX）。

Of particular interest are toxic or biologically disruptive impacts of anthropogenic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, industrial organics, agricultural chemicals, and by-products such as chlorinated compounds from water disinfection and waste incineration; natural toxins and their impacts biotransformation and metabolism of toxigenic compounds, food chains for toxin accumulation or biodegradation; assays of toxicity, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, ecosystem impact and health hazard; environmental and public health risk assessment, environmental guidelines, environmental policy for toxicants.

期刊注重于以下一些研究领域的研究：人为化合物的毒性和生物裂解效果；毒素生成物的生物转化和代谢；自然毒素和它们的效果；毒素生物降解和聚集的食物链；毒理实验；内分泌紊乱；环境和公众健康的评估；环境指导方针和毒素的环境政策等。

The aim of the present review article is to focus on the results of study on the zeolites detoxifying mycotoxins in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms and the problem of zeo...

本文重点综述了沸石脱除霉菌毒素的体内外实验结果，介绍了沸石消除霉菌毒素毒性的作用机理及存在的问题，提出了沸石作为霉菌毒素脱毒剂进行改性加工及相关产品集成组装的原则，旨在为开发研制沸石类高效霉菌毒素脱毒剂产品提供科学参考。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。