毒性

The results showed that virulence frequency of V4a、V4b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9 were 3.6%~29.7%, Pm4a, Pm4b, Pm13, Pm20, Pm21, PmXBD, Pm2+6, Pm4+8, Pm2+Mli, Pm4b+Mli, Pm5+6, Pm1+2+9 were effective resistant genes to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici and may be applicated as resistant parents; Virulence frequency of V1、V2、V3a、V3d、V3f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta were 38.6%~79.4%, The validity of Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3d、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta had decreased; Virulence frequency of V3b、V3c、V3e、V5、V7、V8 were 92.5%~98.7%, Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8 had no applicable value in breeding if they were utilized as the only resistant sources.

结果表明，毒性基因V4 a、V4 b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4 b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9的出现频率为3.6%29.7%，其对应抗性基因Pm4 a、Pm4 b、Pm13、Pm20、Pm21、PmXBD、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm2+Mli、Pm4 b+Mli、Pm5+6、Pm1+2+9为目前山西省小麦白粉病菌的有效抗病基因，可供转育利用；毒性基因V1、V2、V3 a、V3 d、V3 f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta的出现频率为38.6%79.4%，其对应抗性基因Pm1、Pm2、Pm3 a、Pm3 d、Pm3 f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta的利用价值已下降；毒性基因V3 b、V3 c、V3 e、V5、V7、V8的出现频率为92.5%~98.7%，其对应抗性基因Pm3 b、Pm3 c、Pm3 e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8单独使用无利用价值。

Besides the rate of micronucleus and chromosome aberration of Vicia faba root tip cells are more than the rate of micronucleus and chromosome aberration of Garlic...

结论是明矾对蚕豆和大蒜根尖均具有明显的细胞遗传学毒性效应，且对蚕豆根尖的毒性效应明显高于对大蒜根尖的毒性效应。

This study will assess elementarily the security and effectiveness of The root and leaf of Panicled Fameflower through the experimental studies on their pharmacodynamics and acute toxicology, provid possibly theorems and experimental foundations for Panicled Fameflower' s edibleness, planting and study.

本课题通过土人参根、叶的药效和急性毒性实验研究，对土人参根、叶治疗&脾虚&证、土人参叶&解毒消痈&的疗效和部分作用机制做出初步评价、并取得土人参根、叶急性毒性数据，为保健中药蔬菜土人参的食用提供客观的药效学和急性毒性的实验依据，以促其进一步推广应用、种植、研究。

This result fitted with the selection standards of the optimum mutagenic dose of the microbe chemical mutagenesis.Different...

不同毒性的小麦条锈菌生理小种对EMS的敏感性不同，且在离体培养条件下，毒性较弱小种的生活能力及抗逆能力明显强于毒性较强的小种。

Within each drug class, preference may be given to agents less likely to be influenced by renal clearance, which are minimally nephrotoxic, or for which appropriate methods of prevention for renal toxicity exist.

目前提倡的是尽可能使用对肾清除率影响较小的药物，从而产生较小的肾毒性，或通过适当的方法预防肾毒性的发生。同时在使用已知肾毒性的多种药物应该尽量避免或减量。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

It is very important to expore the genotoxity of formaldehyde, toxicity mechanism and repair for understanding formaldehyde genotoxicity as well as nosogenesis completely and systematically. In addition, this research will benefit a lot to estimate and improve the indoor air quality by providing scientific foundation and make a safe environmental and occupational concentration standard.

探讨甲醛的遗传毒性，毒性机制等，对全面和系统的了解甲醛的遗传毒性的致癌性，进一步评价和改善室内空气质量具有十分重要的意义，并为制定安全的环境和职业浓度提供更科学的依据。

The results of toxicity determination of benzoic acid and phenylacetic acid showed that BA and PA were all toxic to masson pine excised needle and excised branch, among those the toxicity of BA was stronger.

3苯甲酸和苯乙酸的毒性测定显示，苯甲酸和苯乙酸对马尾松离体松叶和离体松枝均具有毒性，其中苯甲酸的毒性较强。

The compressive strength, anti-tensile and rotation strength of the scaffolds were measured by almighty vitodynamics machine. 2、To make biologic safe test of nano-zirconia calcium phosphate scaffolds in vivo and vitro with polyethylene as a negative control and phenylic alcohol of 6.4% as positive control, include cell toxicity test, systemic acute toxic test, hemolysis test, the cytotoxicity and histocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated to offer valuable theoretical evidence for clinical safe application.

万能生物力学机测定骨支架的压缩强度、抗拉伸强度和旋转强度。2、以聚乙烯做阴性参照材料、6.4%苯酚溶液做阳性对照材料，对纳米氧化锆/磷酸钙骨支架进行了体内、外生物安全性试验研究，包括细胞毒性试验、全身急性毒性试验、溶血试验，评价其细胞毒性、组织相容性，为确保该材料临床应用的安全性提供有价值的理论依据。

Joint toxicities of binary mixtures and ternary mixtures of acetochlor and heavy metalsto photobacterium phosphoreum and zebrafishembryos at different proportions(toxic unit ratios of 1∶1,1∶4,4∶1 and 1∶1∶1)were studied.

研究了乙草胺与Cu，Zn(以毒性单位配比为1∶1，1∶4和4∶1以及1∶1∶1构成的二元或三元混合体系)对发光菌和斑马鱼胚胎的联合毒性，采用相加指数法对联合毒性效应进行评价。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。