毒

The protocol for the detections of all the AIV isolates, the H5-subtype and the optimization of reactions were studied with a H5-subtype reference isolate BSG1. A 229bp-band of AIV specific and a 380bp-band of H5 subtype specific were amplified individually with the designed primers of AIV specific and H5-subtype specific respectively by the developed RT-PCR technique from isolate BSG1. A double-PCR was also developed which can detect all the AIVs and identify the H5-subtype AIVs. The results of specificity experiment showed that there was no specific band could be amplified with the samples of Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, egg drop syndrome virus and infectious bursal disease virus.

结果应用通用引物可从BSG1毒株扩增到与预计大小相符的229bp AIV特异性片段，应用H5亚型鉴定引物则可从BSG1毒株扩增到与预计大小相符的380bp H5亚型特异性片段；在此基础上建立了可检测所有AIV毒株以及可同时进行H5亚型毒株鉴定的二重RT-PCR方法；检测方法的特异性试验结果表明，该方法对新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、产蛋下降综合症、传染性法氏囊病毒无交叉反应；检测方法的敏感性试验结果表明，通用引物扩增、H5亚型特异性引物扩增以及二重PCR扩增反应的组织样品总RNA的最低检出量分别为0.0217μg、0.0217μg和2.17μg；对20份临床样品检测中，有10份为AIV阳性，其中有5份为H5亚型病毒阳性。

It is indicated that MRV and street viruses have close phylogenic relation by analyzing the phylogenic tree of eachgene of MRV, and it is short evolutionary time between MRV and DRV by analyzingthe phylogenic tree of L gene. It is illuminated that MRV and street virus in China andAfrica have close phylogenic relation by analyzing phylogenic trees of other genes.Therefore, we can speculate that MRV is a Chinese street rabies virus isolated, whichis a new virus isolated because of variance and evolution of the rabies virus after itinfected mouse.

MRV的各个基因进化树表明，其与野毒株具有较近的亲缘关系，通过L基因的进化树分析，两个毒株的进化时间较短，其他基因进化树分析表明，MRV与亚洲和中国流行的野毒株具有较近的亲缘关系，所以推测MRV应该是中国固有的野毒株，由于某种原因感染野鼠后病毒进化变异而产生的毒株。

Today, the results of the research of the relation between the genic polymorphism and sepsis indicate, that the genic polymorphism has close relation to the susceptivity, the prognosis of sepsis.

目前有关基因多态性与脓毒症的关系研究提示，基因多态性与脓毒症有密切的关系，基因多态性与脓毒症的易感性、转归等均有着密切的关系，某些与脓毒症相关的特异性基因或基因表达变异将直接影响宿主对脓毒症的易感性及其预后。

The results showed that both CDV strains could induce apoptosis of infected cells. However, there was significant difference in the percentage of apoptotic cells between the two strains (P＜0.01). The strain resulted in the CPE type of cell-rounding induced much higher ratio of apoptotic cells than the strain resulted in the CPE type of syncytium.

结果发现，2种毒株感染引起的细胞病变类型不同，分为圆缩型与合胞体型；2种毒株均可诱导感染细胞凋亡，但毒株间的凋亡细胞比例存在差异，即产生合胞体型细胞病变的毒株凋亡出现较晚，凋亡细胞比例显著低于产生圆缩型细胞病变的毒株(P＜0.01)。

Medicament to Dactylopius confusustoxicity mensurationFive medicament to Dactylopius confusus1~age nymphae,2_age nymphaes,the female prosopon\'s toxicity mensuration,the result indicated that,These five medicament are consistent to various insects\' condition toxicity size order.10% Imidacloprid has the highest toxicity tovarious insects\' instar,other are in turn 36% Cypemethrin,48%Chlopyrifos,4.5%Beta-cypermethrin,1.8%Avermectin toxicity is lowest.

药剂对胭脂虫毒力测定五种药剂对胭脂虫一龄若虫、二龄若虫、雌成虫的毒力测定结果表明：这五种药剂对各虫态的毒力大小顺序一致。其中10%吡虫啉对胭脂虫各虫态的毒力最高，其它依次为36%马拉硫磷、48%毒死蜱、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯、1.8%阿维菌素的毒力最低。

Results After six passages in BHK-21 cells, cytopathic effect was observed by microscopy. The rescued virus was rejuvenated once in unweaned mice, and then came back to cell passage. We found that the poly tract of rescued virus was shortened when the virus was passaged twice in BHK-21 cells. Although the data of LD50 in mice and TCID50 in BHK-21 cells showed that the virulence and infectivity of genetic engineering viruses were lower than its parental virus, no significant difference was observed between the genetic engineering viruses with the different length poly tract.

我们发现，基因工程毒在BHK-21上连续传代至第6代时，可见明显的致细胞病变效应(cytopathic effect，CPE)；在经过一代乳鼠接种之后再重新适应到BHK-21细胞的过程中，poly区段出现了缩短现象；乳鼠致病性试验和BHK-21细胞TCID50测定结果表明，尽管基因工程毒与母本毒相比毒力偏低，但含有不同长度poly的基因工程毒之间并无显著差异。

The results showed: after local leafhoppers were inoculated with RDV- SX isolate, RDV- LQ isolate, the vector viruliferous rates were similar as 84 % and 75% respectively,but the rice incidence rates were dissimilar as 28.1% and 2.8 % respectively.

研究表明：用本地黑尾叶蝉分别接种RDV本地分离物和云南分离物，斑点杂交显示介体带毒率相似，分别为84%、75%，但生物学接种结果差异相当大，分别为28.1%，3.8%，另外斑点杂交显示云南病区的黑尾叶蝉带毒率为88%，说明介体叶蝉的传毒能力具有地域性，介体叶蝉带毒率与传毒能力也存在一定差异。

The causative agent of the disease is an Corona virus, infectious bronchitis virus IBV）, classified as Corona .Present vaccines for IB are all modified live viruses derived either by sequential passage embrocated chicken eggs. As Immunogenicity of IBV is usually correlated with its virulence, almost all modified live IB vaccines remained insufficient attenuation and have shown a variety of side effects including spread of vaccine virus to no vaccinates, occurrence of long term "carrier" birds, and increasing virulence during in vivo passage.

目前国内外预防本病所用的疫苗大多数是弱毒疫苗，但现用弱毒疫苗都存在以下缺点：（1）与IBV强毒一样，其弱毒疫苗株也能引起潜伏感染，潜伏感染的鸡将终生带毒；（2）疫苗病毒可以由接种鸡传染给非接种鸡，在鸡群之间传播过程中毒力会返强，从而成为新的感染源；（3）传染性支气管炎病毒极易发生变异，且易成为病毒重组的供体和受体，给使用IB传统疫苗预防和根除IB带来极大的困难。

Both of the venoms showed activities of multiplehydrolases including hyaluronidase, protease, DNase, acid phosphetase,alkaline phosphetase and choline esterase, of which hyaluronidase, protease and DNase were more active. The activity of protease in VDPGwas higher than that of protease in VES and the activities of the resthydrolases in VDPG were lower than those of hydrolases in VES.

通过对粗毒进行酶活性分析，发现两种粗毒都具有透明质酸酶、蛋白水解酶、DNA酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶等酶活性；其中透明质酸酶、蛋白水解酶、DNA酶活性较高；毒囊粗毒中蛋白水解酶活性高于电刺激粗毒，而其它几种酶活性均低于电刺激粗毒。

The four experimental virus strains and the three collate virus strains were divided into two groups, and belonged two evolutionary branches. Although ADV-DL1, DL2 and DL3 were all belonged to the Da Lian separated strains, they had the ulterior genetic relationship. The nuclear sequences of the obtained experimental ADV virus strains, ADV virus collate virus strains and typify virus strains of other four Parvovirus generic were cladogram analyzed with the Clustal W method of software DNA Star.

结果表明，ADV-Utah与四个实验毒株的序列同源性较高，同源率为92.9-93.4％，ADV-G、ADV-SL3与实验毒株的同源性较低；四个实验毒株和三个参考毒株被分别划归为两个组，分属于两个进化分支；实验毒株中ADV-DL1与DL2和DL3虽然同为大连分离株，却表现出较远的亲缘关系。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。