毒

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if the autotoxic effect is responsible for continuous cropping obstacle of chrysanthemum " Gaoyataizi" and the autotoxic effects of different parts from continuous cropping chrysanthemum on seed germination and seedling growth, cuttings rhizogenesis and the growth of potted-chrysanthemum "Gaoyataizi".

为此本论文旨在以连作障碍典型品种之一的'高压太子'为材料，采用室内生测及温室盆栽对菊花的自毒作用进行如下研究探讨：自毒作用是否是导致菊花连作障碍的因素之一；菊花不同部位水浸液处理对自身种子萌发、幼苗生长、扦插生根及盆栽菊花生长及其重要生理生化过程的自毒效应。

In this paper,researching progress of allelopathic autotoxicity in agro-ecosystem was briefly reviewed based on many studies collected,including allelochemicals,factors of allelopathy ,mechanism of allelopathy .

本文对化感作用的本质和影响因素，化感中自毒作用对作物连作的影响进行了阐释与介绍，在此基础上综述了植物化感自毒作用与土壤病虫害发生、土壤微生物之间的关系，并对化感及自毒作用在农业生态系统中的应用和前景进行了展望。

It was demonstrated that HN and F protein of NDV were glycoproteins,and there were obvious differences between virulent and avirulent NDV,which could determine the virulence of NDV.

结果表明，NDV F和HN蛋白为糖蛋白，强弱毒株之间F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸序列有明显的不同，并决定了毒株的毒力。

Comparisons have been made with different varieties of the microbe including thuringiensis,galleriae,kurstaki and dendrolimus,and also with different test insects including the rice leaf roller,Cnaphaloerosis medinalis,the cabbage worm,Pieris canidia,and the pine caterpillar,Dendrolimus punctatus.

本试验用家蚕蚁蚕对我国六个苏芸金杆菌工业产品进行毒力测定，发现蚁蚕对菌制剂的受毒剂量死亡反应比较稳定，与菜青虫、稻纵卷叶虫、马尾松毛虫的受毒反应相比，一般呈正相关。

The results showed: for the toxicity of two kinds of pollutants, the Cd(superscript 2+) is more poisonous that the Pd(superscript 2+). For the sensitivity to the pollutants, the P. caudatum, C cathayensi and D. japonica increase evidently in turn. The statistical analyses indicated that the single and combined toxicity effects both increase with the exposed time extended, especially for the combined toxicity (P.05), showing a marked time-effect relation. As for the single effect, ii increase prominently with Pb(superscript 2+) and Cd(superscript 2+) concentrations (P.05); But in the case of binary effect, the results showed obviously a time-effect (P.01) as well as a concentraction-effect relations.

结果表明：在同等条件下，Cd(上标 2+)对三者的致毒效应都明显强于Pb(上标 2+)；3种动物中，草履虫最敏感，而圆田螺耐受能力最强；随单一毒物浓度的增大以及暴露时间的延长，两者的致毒效应都显著增大，表现出明显的浓度－效应和时间－效应关系；二者复合作用时，对3种动物的致毒效应主要表现为与二组分的浓度比例有关。

For immunized egg laying chicken groups, cloacal swabbing samples were collected at 7 days post challenge, and no shedding was found in groups vaccinated with rFPV-H5HA-I

结果表明，rFPV-H5HA- IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组在攻毒后第7d无排毒，其抑制免疫鸡排毒效果优于常规疫苗和单独表达 HA的rFPV-H5HA重组鸡痘病毒。rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组鸡，在14日龄时的体重明显高于rFPV-H5HA免疫组和常规疫苗对照免疫组，表明共表达的鸡IL-18能降低鸡痘病毒载体对雏鸡增重的影响。

By using new methods of isolating and purifying RNA of NDV, we improved the methods for detecting NDV based on Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and managed to detect velogenic NDV directly in 17 cloacal swabs specimens from different flocks including the 15 ones.

结果表明，生物学试验MDT和ICPI与ELISA阳性结果的强毒感染符合率为93.3％（14/15），而RT-PCR结果与ELISA阳性结果的强毒感染符合率为94.1％（16/17），而生物学试验加上RT-PCR结果与ELISA阳性结果的强毒感染总符合率为93.8％（30/32）。

The local injection of trypsin can be used in clinical practice as a new and effective therapy for snakebite.Our experiments indicate that when a lethal dose of crotalinae snake venom was injected into mice subcutaneously, survival rate increased significantly if a dose of trypin had been injected locally and promptly.

本文提供了一种局部注射胰蛋白酶治疗蛇伤的方法，在给小白鼠皮下注射致死剂量的竹叶青蛇毒后，立即注射胰蛋白酶可提高存活率68％，注射蝮蛇毒后，立即注射胰蛋白酶可提高存活率67％，注射尖吻蝮蛇毒后立即注射胰蛋白酶可提高存活率57％。

Lower dose of antivenom recommended by the poison control center is probably as effective and safe as higher dose used in the surgical group for the treatment of crotaline snakebites.

因此毒药物防治谘询中心所建议的抗蛇毒血清治疗剂量，就现有证据而言，应该与较高治疗剂量的抗蛇毒血清一样有效。

Results: Tyroserleutide can significantly increase the life span of H22 tumor-bearing mice by 50-70% in dosages of 20ug/kg/d-80ug/kg/d,specially the high dosage of 80ug/ml can significantly increase the life span by 69.24%; Tyroserleutide can inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatocellular tumor BEL-7402 in nude mice,the rate of tumor inhibition was25-50% in dosages of 40-320ug/ml ,the inhibition rate of 160ng/ml was 44.03%; Tyroserleutide could inhibit the growth of H22 and BEL-7402 tumor in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, tumoricidal activity of tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 cell line in vitro was observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The inhibition effect of 72hrs was higher than 24hrs,48hrs,96hrs.And specially the high dosage of 160ug/ml can significantly inhibit growth of tumor cell by 19.36%. Tyroserleutide can activated PEM and marked enhance cytotoxicity andphagocytosis functions in vitro and in vivo. The OD values of cytotoxicity were observed hinger when compared with the control group(P.05).The cytotoxicity of macrophages activated by tyroserleutide against BEL-7402 and B16-F10 was 35.58%,61.2% in vitro and21.39%,47.63% in vivo. The cytotoxicity rate of nude mice PEM was 32.86%,73.07% in vivo. Furthermore, tyroserleutide alone could stimulated the production of IL-1B TNF- a and NO by M . Tyroserleutide and LPS could synergistically activated M producing more cytotoxicity effectors. Conclusion: Tyroserleutide had inhibition functions against hepatoma carcinoma .Its possible mechanisms were related to the affect that Tyroserleutide could inhibit tumor cell directively and induce tumor cells apoptosis or death effectively.

结果：酪丝亮肽能显著延长腹水型肝癌H_(22)小鼠的生存时间，给药剂量为80μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，达到69.24％，在20μg／kg／d-80μg／kg／d剂量范围内生命延长率为50-70％，给药剂量与荷瘤鼠生存时间呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽能显著抑制人肝癌BEL-7402移植瘤裸鼠的肿瘤生长，给药剂量为160μg／kg／d时疗效最显著，抑制率为44.03％，并且在40-320μg／kg／d剂量范围内抑制率为25-50％，给药剂量与肿瘤抑制率呈现一定量效关系；酪丝亮肽体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长有一定的抑制作用，在作用72hrs时各浓度酪丝亮肽对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较24hrs、48hrs、96hrs明显，其中浓度为100μg／ml时抑制率达19.36％；酪丝亮肽体内外均能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤：体外作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05)杀伤率分别达到35.58％、61.2％；体内作用中巨噬细胞对BEL-7402、B16-F10的杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P 。05)，杀伤率分别达到21.39%、47.63%；裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞经酪丝亮肤作用后对BEL一7402、B 16一F10杀伤功能明显增强，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)，最高杀伤率分别达到32.86%、73.07%；酪丝亮肤能增强单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能，吞噬指数与生理盐水组比较有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体外作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与效应细胞对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤体内作用能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌合成细胞毒效应分子IL一lp、TNF一Q和NO，与生理盐水对照组相比有显著性差异(P.05)；酪丝亮肤能促进鼠巨噬细胞株R戌W264.7分泌合成IL一1p和NO，IL一1日、NO水平分别在酪丝亮肤作用24hrs、12hrs时达到高峰，酪丝亮肤单独应用能提高巨噬细胞的分泌合成功能，而且酪丝亮肤能与LPS协同作用刺激巨噬细胞的细胞毒效应分子分泌合成。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。