母细胞

Finally, because cnx-1 can further increase the germ cell death in ced-1 mutant, and the phenotype can be rescued by introducing cnx-1::gfp into the cnx-1; ced-1 double mutants, we suggest that cnx-1 acts in the engulfing cells other than the dying cells during the engulfment process of germline apoptosis.

除此之外，我们亦分析了cnx-1突变下ced-1(e1735)品种虫体之生殖母细胞的细胞死亡数量，发现cnx-1突变会额外地再提高ced-1突变下线虫生殖母细胞的死亡数量，且此现象可被外加入之cnx-1：：gfp 所消除；这两现象显示出cnx-1在线虫生殖母细胞的细胞尸体吞噬过程亦具有功能。

The results showed that mercury chloride (0.5 and 1.5mg/kg BW) had obviously toxicity to the liver and the kidney of mouse, and the dose of 1.5mg/kg BW could damage the ovary function and reduce the number of superovulation oocytes.The results also showed that mercury chloride could inhibit the extruding of the first polar body and affect the quality and the viability of mouse oocyte and reduce the rate of IVF,but little impact on germinal vesicle breakdown of mouse oocyte in vivo.

结果表明，0.5和1.5mg/kg BW汞对小鼠的肝脏、肾脏有明显的毒性作用，1.5mg/kg BW组还对卵巢有明显的毒性作用，并能显著降低超排卵的卵母细胞数；汞对体内卵母细胞生发泡破裂没有影响，但可以抑制卵母细胞第一极体的释放，影响卵母细胞的存活率并降低体外受精率。

The porine is the polyembryony animal, many obtains the ovocyte from the porine ovary although but the maturity quite to be low; Because the ROSI technology is does not have to grow the mature sole round sperm cell to pour into directly completely in the ovicell nature, jumped over the spermatozoon in to pass through the physiology and the biochemistry, if the ovicell nature mature or the activation degree were insufficient, added the round immature sperm cell maturity quite inferior reason, very possibly Causes the ROSI micro fertilization defeat.

猪是多胎动物，从猪卵巢上获得的卵母细胞数量虽然较多，但成熟度比较低；由于ROSI技术是将没有完全发育成熟的单一圆形精细胞直接注入卵胞质内，跳越了精子在穿过透明带和卵质膜等过程中所发生的生理和生化反应；如果卵胞质成熟或活化程度不够，加之圆形未成熟精细胞成熟度比较差等原因，很可能造成ROSI受精的卵母细胞内部激活因子蓄积减少和生成不足，引起精核解聚困难、精圆核不能形成、第二极体不能排出、卵母细胞孤雌发育率增加等，使ROSI显微受精失败。

A cell from which gametes develop by meiotic division, especially a spermatocyte or an oocyte.

配子母细胞，配子细胞配偶子通过配子减数分裂而发展的细胞，尢指精母细胞或卵母细胞

The new GV preparation method we developed allowed the best visualization of chromatin distribution after Hoechst or CMA3 staining. Our results showed that GV chromatin configurations are different among different species, and thus, while chromatin condensed into a ring around the nucleolus in porcine and bovine oocytes, no such a ring was observed in caprine oocytes; Porcine oocytes were synchronized at GV1, goat oocytes at GV3n and bovine oocytes at GVf configurations before GVBD occurred, indicating that these configurations are progressive towards final maturation rather than atresia; Changes of chromatin configurations were associated with gene activity of transcription; GV chromatin configurations were affected by the environmental changes such as serum starvation and elevated temperature.

应用该技术对猪、山羊和牛不同大小、不同健康程度卵泡及体内和体外成熟过程中卵母细胞染色质构型的变化发现：1）不同动物卵母细胞染色质构型不同；猪和牛卵母细胞染色质围绕核仁凝集形成环，但山羊卵则没有此环。2）卵母细胞在GVBD之前都同步在某一染色质构型；猪同步在GV1，山羊GV3n，牛GVf，说明这些染色质构型代表着进行性变化。3）染色质构型的变化反映基因转录活动的变化。4）染色质构型受环境变化的影响。

The results showed that : 1 During nonbreeding season, the giant panda′s ovary was still rich with large and small follicular oocytes, and the large follicular oocytes could be matured in vitro; 2 The mean diameter of the oocytes was (141±6.7)μm and lots of cortical granules contained in the cytoplasm of oo...

结果表明∶（1）在非繁殖季节，大熊猫卵巢中小腔及大腔卵泡卵母细胞仍较丰富，其大腔卵泡卵母细胞可在体外培养成熟；（2）大熊猫的卵母细胞平均直径为（141±6.7）μm ，其胞质富含卵黄颗粒；（3）自配 PandaI I号获能液（含丙酮酸钠、肾上腺素等）可使大熊猫精子有效获能；（4）大熊猫卵母细胞体外受精后，经培养可观察到第2 极体，有的受精卵开始发生卵裂。

The results showed that the rates of mature oocyte were 75.2％, 73.1％, 69.8％, 63.5％and oocyte at telophase of MI were 16.3％, 15.9％, 16.9％, 27.0％, respectively. The rates of maturation of oocytes cultured in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαwere significantly higher than that of with BSA team (P＜0.05) and the number of oocyte stayed at telophase of MI in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαteam were significantly less than that with BSA team(P＜0.05); Significant higher rates (66.6％, 66.6％, 73.6％) of normalα-tubulin distribution in oocytes cultured in TCM199+ serum, EGF and TGFαwere compared to that of TCM199+BSA(43.3％)(P＜0.05). The rates of oocyte with cortical granules in cortex were 58.8％, 33.9％, 54.7％and 47.9％respectively, there was significant difference between oocytes cultured with serum, EGF and BSA(P＜0.05). In conclusion, TGFαand EGF can promote the oocyte nuclear transition from telophaseⅠto metaphase of meiosisⅡ, and improved the expression and distribution ofα-tubulin during the ovine oocytes maturation; EGF and serum could promote oocyte cytoplasm maturation. The results suggested that EGF and TGFαmight substitute some substance in serum to improve the quality of oocyte nucleus maturation in vitro, but EGF might be more functional than TGFαto promote the maturation of ovine oocyte ooplasm.

三、EGF和TGFα对卵母细胞成熟的影响未成熟卵母细胞分别在TCM199基础培养液+血清、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+EGF、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+TGFα和TCM199基础培养液+BSA四组成熟培养系统中成熟培养，22小时后上述各组卵母细胞的核成熟率分别为75.2％、73.1％、69.8％、63.5％，处于第一次减数分裂末期的比率分别为16.3％、15.9％、16.9％、27.0％，在添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组中核成熟率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)，处于末期的比例明显低于其它各组(P＜0.05)：添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组在a-Tubulin蛋白的分布与表达上(66.6％、66.6％、73.6％)明显高于BSA组的正常率43.3％(P＜0.05)；各组CG发生迁移较好的卵母细胞的比率分别为58.8％、33.9％、54.7％、47.9％，血清组和添加EGF组CG迁移至皮质区的比例明显高于仅添加BSA处理组(P＜0.05)。

When Fas and c-myc protein were coexpressed in cytoplasm, a strong positive sign appeared in highly differentiated osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia of bone and osteoplast of bone callus, a weak sign was found in low-differentiated tumour cells and fibroblasts.

Fas和c-myc蛋白胞浆内阳性，在骨肉瘤的高分化细胞(骨母细胞型和软骨细胞型瘤细胞)和骨化性纤维瘤、骨纤维结构不良、骨痂组织中骨母细胞呈强表达；而在低分化瘤细胞和纤维母细胞则呈弱表达。

No tapetal cells were formed or tapetam collapsed at very early stage in some anther chamber during the microsporogenesis; Pollen mother cells in another chamber were not developed and microspore vacuolized; Tapetum cells developed abnormally, giantized and crammed the anther chamber; Some tapetum cells developed normally, but PMCs developed abnomally, which deformed at sporogeneous stage, and then were abhensive each other and finally degenerated. Nearly no PMCs could complete the process of meiosis, and form the tetrad, leading to the failure of normal microspore development.

药室的绒毡层细胞不形成或提前解体；药室内的花粉母细胞不发育或小孢子液泡化；绒毡层细胞发育异常，出现巨型化而挤满整个药室；绒毡层细胞虽发育正常，但花粉母细胞发育异常，在造孢细胞时期即开始出现变形现象，随后发生粘连退化；绝大部分花粉母细胞不能完成正常的减数分裂过程形成四分体，导致小孢子退化。

Inthe whole process, the oocytes, nurse cell and follicle cell morphology change. Inoocyte yolk formation and growth, the number of its nuclear trophoblast cell nucleoli,lamphrush chromosome with a strong synthetic material; oocytes also some syntheticmaterial; follicle cells in the yolk protein synthesis, provide access to exogenous yolkprotein.

在卵子发生的整个过程中，卵母细胞、滋养细胞及滤泡细胞形态均有明显变化；在卵母细胞生长及卵黄形成期，滋养细胞核内的多核仁现象、灯刷染色体与旺盛的物质合成有关；卵母细胞本身也合成一些物质；滤泡细胞参与卵黄蛋白的合成，并为外源性卵黄蛋白提供通道。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷