母

A gonopodium is a modified, tubular anal fin used to fertilize the females.

孔雀鱼是卵胎生的，不是卵生的，而且母鱼体长大约是公鱼的2倍大，母鱼的体色通常是较淡且带有些灰色色彩或许母鱼尾部也会有一点点的色彩，至於公鱼则是全身都有鲜艳色彩，公鱼的尾巴比母鱼尾巴长，并且除ㄌ一般的尾鳍外，还有一段交尾器，交尾器用来使母鱼受孕的

Japonicus and analyzed the role of animal process of oocyte during ovulation and oocyte maturation. What's more, we studied the role of microtubules and microtubule organizing center upon GV migration. The oocyte of A. japonicus connects to the follicle via animal pole process. When placed in normal sea water, ovulation started spontaneously.

利用DTT诱导刺参卵母细胞成熟，综合运用光镜、电子显微镜及激光共聚焦技术观察卵母细胞成熟过程，分析了卵母细胞表面动物极突起在卵母细胞脱滤泡中的作用，以及卵母细胞动物极突起和微管组织在生发泡移动过程中所起的作用。

To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.

为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性，我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法，研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动，结果表明：（1）热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害，粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感，实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响，说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性，但即使成为粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞，却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力，呈现不同程度的凋亡，所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞，更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成；（2）腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录，说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的；（3）正常兔睾丸组织中，〓在精原细胞和粗线期／双线期精母细胞中均有表达：cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加，于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。

This experiment aimed to systematically investigate and analyze the ethanol activated rates of mouse oocytes, affected factors of oocytes activation, types and development of parthenotes, and the organization and roles of the cytoskeleton during pronuclear formation and migration and early embryo cleavage by ethanol activation of oocytes, embryo culture in vitro and immunofluorescence cyto-chemistry. The results:(1) The ethanol activation of mouse oocytes showed that the activated and developmental rates of oocytes increased significantly with the increase of ethanol concentration and extension of exposure time, but over concentration and exposure time would result in increased fragment rates significantly. 7% ethanol treated oocytes for 7min was the optimum activated condition.

本实验主要利用卵母细胞的乙醇激活、胚胎体外培养和免疫荧光细胞化学方法对小鼠卵母细胞乙醇激活效率、影响因素、孤雌胚类型、发育、原核形成、迁移及早期胚胎卵裂过程中细胞骨架的组装、作用等进行了系统的研究和分析，结果显示：(1)小鼠卵母细胞的乙醇激活结果表明，随着乙醇浓度的升高和作用时间的延长，卵母细胞激活率和发育率都显著提高，但乙醇浓度过高和作用时间过长会导致卵母细胞碎裂率的显著增加，7%乙醇作用卵母细胞7min 为最佳激活条件。

Our study includes four aspects. In the first aspect we study several important conditions of porcine oocytes maturation in vitro and oocytes cleavage after parthenogenetic activation and found mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15% PFF+0.57mMcysteine is a good culture condition .When the Cocs are cultured in it ,the maturation rate and oocytes cleavage rate are higher than those of foreign covered. Our result are (86.7±3.35)% and (86.3±4.16)% and the highest report of foreign is(85.7±4.1)%.In the second aspect we study the effect of different chemical activations on development of porcine parthennogenetic embryo and found two best activation method. The first one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 20μmol/L ionomycin for 30 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 5μg/mICB and 5mM/L6-DMAP for 3.5 hours, the oocytes cleavage rate and morulae/blastocysts development rate are (76.7±7.6)% and (37.1±6.4)%.The second one is that putting the maturation MII oocytes in the 200μM/L Thimerosal for 20 minutes and then putting them in the NCSU-23 condition containing 8mM DTT for 30 minutes

本研究分为4个部分，第一部分对影响猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎分裂的几个重要条件进行了比较研究，确立了一种较好的培养方法：与颗粒细胞共培养，找到了一种适合猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养基：mNCSU-23+15IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+15%PFF+0.57mM半胱氨酸，成熟率和分裂率分别为(86.7±3.35)%和(86.3±4.16)%，国外报道的最高成熟率为(85.7±4.1)%；第二部分对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的化学方法进行了研究，确立了化学激活猪卵母细胞的两种最佳方法：1将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞用20μmol/Lionomycin作用30min，再将卵母细胞培养于含5μg/mlCB和5mM/L 6-DMAP(6-二甲基氨基嘌呤)的NCSU-23培养液中，卵裂率和桑囊胚发育率达到(76.7±7.6)%和(37.1±6.4)%2将成熟的去卵丘颗粒细胞的MII期卵母细胞在200μM/L的Thimerosal中处理20min，再与8mM的DTT共孵育30min，卵裂率和桑/囊胚形成率为(81.0±2.8)%和(39.6±2.7)%；第三部分对孤雌激活胚胎的培养条件进行了研究，确立了一种最佳的胚胎培养条件：在SOF简单培养基中添加颗粒细胞进行前3天的培养，然后转入添加胎牛血清的NCSU—23培养基并和输卵管上皮细胞进行后期的培养，其桑椹胚和囊胚的发育率为(59.5±3.2)%；第四部分研究了IGF-I

Specializing in the production of a variety of GB and profiled products, main products has: M5-M100 nut and pull hair light mother, M5-M16 high-strength nuts, a variety of thin mother, thickening of the mother, the mother side, small buckle mother, nylon anti-sent home flange nut, chain roller, casing, pipe and other products gecko.

专业生产各种国标及异型产品，主要产品有：M5-M100毛螺母和拉光母、高强度M5-M16螺母、各种薄型母、加厚母、方母、细扣母、尼龙防送母、法兰螺母、链条罗拉、套管、壁虎管等各种产品。

Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique was employed in analyzing the specific genetic markers of seven pearl oysters including Pinctada maxima, P.margaritifera, P.nigra, P.albina, P.fucata, P.chemnitzi in the genus Pinctada and Pteria penguin in the genus Pteria.

采用RAPD分子标记技术对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、黑珠母贝、白珠母贝、合浦珠母贝、长耳珠母贝和珍珠贝属的企鹅珍珠贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析。

The results show that: 1 supplementation of protein to maturation media improves cumulus expansion in vitro compared to the protein-free control, but cumulus expansion is not necessarily related to oocyte nuclear maturation in pigs, and cumulus expansion is not the criterae for determination of nuclear maturation of pig oocytes, but only the exclusion of the first polar body; 2 exposure of pig COCs to hormone supplements for 23-24 hours improved cumulus expansion but had no significant effect on nuclear maturation compared to that for 46-48 hours; 3 under our research conditions, supplementation of different proteins into different maturation media has different effects on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation, but has no significant effect on subsequent embryonic development after IVF; 4 the nuclear maturation rates of pig oocytes matured in mTCM+pFF and mNCSU+pFF are superior than that in mNCSU+FCS; 5 different maturation media have no effect on pig oocyte cumulus expansion and subsequent embryonic development after IVF.

结果显示：(1)在成熟液中添加蛋白质可以加强卵丘细胞的扩散，但猪卵母细胞的核成熟与其周围的卵丘细胞扩展没有必然的联系，卵丘细胞扩散或成放射状不宜作为猪卵母细胞核成熟的标准，只有排出第一极体才能作为猪卵母细胞核成熟的标志；(2)在猪COCs的46-48小时成熟培养的后23-24小时阶段去除成熟液中的激素不但可以保证卵母细胞的核成熟率，而且可加强卵丘细胞的扩散；(3)在现有实验条件下，在mTCM和mNCSU中添加10％pFF与在mNCSU中添加10％FCS相比可获得较高的猪卵母细胞核成熟率；(4)在不同的成熟液中添加不同的蛋白质对猪卵母细胞核成熟率的影响效果不一样，但对体外受精后的早期胚胎发育影响不明显；(5)成熟液种类对猪卵母细胞的卵丘细胞扩散和体外受精后的早期胚胎发育无显著影响。

Cell-cycle synchronization between the donor cell and recipient oocyte determines the embryo development in nuclear transfer. In the present study, we microinjected primary spermatocyte into the perivetelline space of oocyte. 37% pairs fused after electric stimuli and the resulting oocytes were culture for 2 h in MEM with or without CB.

在本研究中，我们将小鼠的初级精母细胞显微注入MI卵母细胞的透明带下，经直流电脉冲作用后有37％的初级精母细胞融入卵母细胞，然后将融合的卵母细胞分成两组在MEM和含有CB的MEM培养液中分别培养，2小时后将在CB培养液中培养的卵母细胞转入正常培养液中。

Japonicus.Nerve extraction substance of sea star and dithiothreitol has been reported to be effectively to induce oocyte maturation in sea cucumbers. In this study we tested their effects on oocyte maturation induction in sea cucumber A. japonicus. The results are as follows, oocyte of A. japonicus does not get mature spontaneously. Neither NES alone nor NES with follicle suspension can induce oocyte maturation. While DTT can prominently increase the percentages of germinal vesicle break down. When the concentration of DTT is between10-1 mol/L and 10-3 mol/L, the effect of maturation induction is more sufficient. When the concentration is about 10-2 mol/L, the percentage of GVBD can reach up to more than 90%.

分别利用在海参中有诱导作用的海星神经提取液和二硫苏糖醇对从成熟卵巢解剖出的刺参卵母细胞进行诱导成熟试验，结果显示，刺参的卵母细胞在海水中不会发生自发成熟，海星神经提取液以及神经提取液加滤泡悬浮液对卵母细胞没有诱导成熟的作用，而二硫苏糖醇处理可以诱导卵母细胞生发泡破裂，当DTT溶液的浓度处于10-1 mol/L到10-3 mol/L之间时，对刺参卵母细胞的促熟作用较为明显，在10-2 mol/L左右时，卵母细胞的诱导成熟率可以达到90%以上。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐