殖民的

This paper gives a brief introduction to anthropological studies of Japanese scholars in the period (1895-1945)of Taiwan as a colony of Japan, reviews the foundation and change of main academicals institutions, scholars and its fieldwork , and main scholarship achievement and it is pointed out that Japanese scholars' anthropological knowledge acquired in Taiwan belongs to colonialism.

本文从研究机构的设立和变化、主要学者及其田野工作和著述，以及主要学术成就等几个方面，对日据时期(1895-1945年)日本殖民政府和学院派学者在台湾的人类学活动作一般性概述。同时结合台湾具体的历史情境，对这个时期日本学者的人类学知识的性质作出判断，指出这个时期日本学者在台湾生产的人类学知识在形态上是属于殖民主义的。

The violent irruption of an alien threat is dramatised by the armour and rapier of Pedro de Alvarado, the bloodiest of the conquistadors, against which the Mexica's previously lethal wooden broadsword studded with obsidian blades looks puny.

然而，戏剧性的变化出现了，身披铠甲、手持利剑的最为血腥的殖民者阿尔瓦拉多象征着野蛮的殖民侵略。而一直以来致命的墨西卡武器——镶嵌有黑曜石的木质大砍刀看起来是如此的微不足道。

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 have been prepared on the basis that the Company is a going concern, which contemplates the realization of its assets and the settlement of its liabilities in the normal course of operations.

被结束 2005 年十二月 31 日的年被联合的财务报表已经在基础上被准备公司是一个兴隆的公司，注视它的资产实现，和注视操作的正常课程的它责任的殖民。

The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste – a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.

殖民艺术家们的成果，尤其是那些肖像画家、西部的和画家，信任值得夸耀的事，如新的国家有能力鼓励天才艺术家和政治自由有相似的发展的口味，这是艺术能在新的公众面前扮演一个重要的角色前的一个必要的一步。

The achievements of the colonial artists,particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to theboast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and thatpolitical liberty was congenial to the development of taste – anecessary step before art could assume an important role in the newrepublic.

殖民艺术家们的成果，尤其是那些肖像画家、西部的和画家，信任值得夸耀的事，如新的国家有能力鼓励天才艺术家和**自由有相似的发展的口味，这是艺术能在新的公众面前扮演一个重要的角色前的一个必要的一步。

F 47.The achievements of the colonial artists,particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to theboast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and thatpolitical liberty was congenial to the development of taste – anecessary step before art could assume an important role in the newrepublic.

殖民艺术家们的成果，尤其是那些肖像画家、西部的和画家，信任值得夸耀的事，如新的国家有能力鼓励天才艺术家和政治自由有相似的发展的口味，这是艺术能在新的公众面前扮演一个重要的角色前的一个必要的一步。

Cape Town- Cook claimed to capture Australia in 1780, changed the destiny of Sydney, indigenous culture outside to colonize to invade culture a strong one, Sydney afford to assemble by original inhabitants, the seaport where there are golden lights that glittered in Sydney , the white sail chased the wave, the fine and smooth and pleasant seabeach and sunshine and plentiful Etesian climate , the wild sweet-smelling delicate fragrance everywhere of the street, the good wood is beautiful, the gull wheels.

当1780年开普敦-库克宣布占领澳洲，就改变了悉尼的命运，土著文化受到强烈的外来殖民文化的侵略，悉尼由土著聚集地而变为流放地而变为欧洲大陆延伸的新天地，悉尼拥有金光闪耀、白帆逐浪的海港，细腻迷人的海滩和阳光充沛的地中海气候，街道处处野芳幽香，佳木秀丽，海鸥盘旋。

As the Medellín-born Franco told me recently in the cafe of the new Gabriel García Márquez Cultural Centre in Bogotá's colonial quarter of La Candelaria, his generation respectfully threw off the magic realist mantle of "Gabo".

最近，在波哥大往日殖民区烛台区新建的马尔克斯文化中心的咖啡厅里，出生于麦德林的弗朗哥告诉我，他们这一代带着对马尔克斯的崇敬来摆脱&嘉波&（Gabo，马尔克斯的小名）魔幻现实主义的外衣。

They thought Adams was just a fast-talking deceiver who had no intention of giving up the violence that had included an attempt to assassinate Margaret Thatcher and had already claimed the lives of thousands of British citizens, including innocent children, government officials, and a member of the royal family, Lord Mountbatten, who had overseen the end of British rule in India.

他们认为，亚当斯只不过是个花言巧语的骗子，没有任何放弃暴力行为的打算，爱尔兰共和军曾试图刺杀玛格丽特。撒切尔，他们的暴力活动已夺去了数千英国公民的生命，包括无辜的儿童们、政府官员们和一位王室成员——曾负责监督英国结束在印度殖民统治的蒙特巴顿勋爵。

After the end of World War II, the Indian subcontinent from British colonial rule gained independence in June 1947, the last British Governor Mountbatten in India to put forward India into India and Pakistan, two of the Dominion "Mountbatten", the British imperialist view of the Kashmir At an important strategic position, trying to use as military bases and manufacturers to India and Pakistan dispute, in order to profit from them, according to the "Mountbatten", the Hindu-dominated region was placed under the India, Muslim-majority region Pakistan attribution.

二战结束后，印度次大陆摆脱英国的殖民统治获得独立1947年6月，英国最后一任驻印度总督蒙巴顿提出了把印度分为印度和巴基斯坦两个自治领的&蒙巴顿方案&，英帝国主义鉴于克什米尔处于重要的战略地位，力图利用它作为军事基地，并以此制造印、巴纠纷，以便从中渔利，根据&蒙巴顿方案&的规定，印度教徒居多数的地区划归印度，穆斯林占多数的地区归属巴基斯坦。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。